Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Development of the Head and Neck > Flashcards

Development of the Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Occipital sclerotomes form the upper half of the ____ and the rest fuse to form the occipital bone

A

atlas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

occipital myotomes will form the muscles of the ____

A

tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The nerves of the occipital somites fuse, become entrapped in the occipital bone and innervate the muscles of the tongue as the ____ nerve

A

hypoglossal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sclerotomes in the cervical region form cervical vertebrae and the bottom half of the atlas. Myotomes in this region form the muscles of the neck. True or false?

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The nerves of the cervical somites innervate the neck muscles via _____ ____ nerves

A

cervical spinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Most typical features in development of head and neck are formed by _____ arches.

A

pharyngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The following description is of what pharyngeal arch:
muscle: muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympani, tensor palatini

bone: premaxilla, maxilla, zygomatic bone, part of temporal bone, mandible, malleus, incus
ligament: anterior ligament of malleus, sphenomandibular
nerve: V2 and V3 of trigeminal

A

1st (Mandibular) arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The following description is of what pharyngeal arch:
muscles: muscles of facial expression, sylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric, stapedius

bone: stapes, stylohyoid process of temporal bone, lesser horn of hyoid, upper part of body of hyoid

ligament: stylohyoid
nerve: facial

A

2nd (hyoid) arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The following description is of what pharyngeal arch:

muscle: stylopharyngeus
bone: greater horn of hyoid, lower part of body of hyoid
nerve: glossopharyngeal

A

3rd arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What muscles do the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches form?

A

4th: cricothryoid, levator palatine, constrictors of pharynx
6th: intrinsic muscles of larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What nerve do the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches form?

A

vagus

4th: superior laryngeal branch
6th: recurrent laryngeal branch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The ____ ____ lining of the pharyngeal pouches gives rise to a number of important organs

A

epithelial endodermal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The first pharyngeal pouch, forms a diverticulum which comes in contact with epithelial lining of the first pharyngeal cleft, the ____ _____ meatus

A

external auditory

note: expands to form middle ear tympanic cavity and auditory tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The second pharyngeal pouch forms what?

A

palatine tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The dorsal wing of the third pharyngeal pouch differentiates into the ____ ____ gland. The ventral wing differentiates into the ____.

A

inferior parathyroid; thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The dorsal wing of the fourth pharyngeal pouch becomes the ____ ____ gland. The ventral wing gives rise to the ______ body.

A

superior parathyroid; ultimobranchial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of the ultimobranchial body?

A

is incorporated into the thyroid gland and secretes calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

This syndrome occurs because the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches fail to differentiate into thymus and parathyroid glands. In most cases there is a micro deletion in the q11.2 region of the chromosome 22 and neural crest defects.

A

DiGeorge syndrome

19
Q

What are the clinical signs of DiGeorge syndrome?

A

infants born without thymus and parathyroid gland and have defects in their cardiac outflow tracts; anomalies of mouth (small mouth and chin), prominent nose with rounded tip, unusually shaped ears

20
Q

There is a period of overlapping growth between pharyngeal arches 2,3,4 and pharyngeal clefts 2,3,4. During this time, what is formed? it usually disappears with further growth

A

cervical sinus

21
Q

The skeletal structures of the face are formed by mesenchyme that is derived from ____ ___. The other elements in the head, such as the parietal, occipital, temporal bones, and voluntary muscles are formed by mesenchyme that is derived from ____ ____.

A

neural crest; paraxial mesoderm

22
Q

Mesenchyme derived from the lateral plate mesoderm will form what?

A

cartilages of the larynx

23
Q

During the fourth week, the center of the face is formed by the _____, surrounded by first pair of pharyngeal arches.

A

stomodeum

24
Q

On both sides of frontonasal prominence, thickenings of surface ectoderm, the nasal _____ originate under the influence of the ventral portion of forebrain

A

placodes

25
Q

During the fifth week, the nasal placodes invaginate, forming nasal pits, which are surrounded by ridges of tissue that form what?

A

lateral and medial nasal prominences

26
Q

The _____ lip is formed by two medial nasal prominences and the two maxillary prominences

A

upper

27
Q

The maxillary prominences are separated from the lateral nasal prominences by the _______ groove

A

nasolacrimal

28
Q

Describe how the tongue appears and forms in week 4

A

appears in the form of two lateral lingual swellings and one medial lingual swelling (from first pharyngeal arch)

29
Q

A second medial swelling of the tongue, the _____, is formed by mesoderm of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th arch.

A

copula

30
Q

The third median swelling, formed by the posterior part of the 4th arch marks development of the ____

A

epiglottis

note: immediately behind this is the laryngeal orifice, flanked by arytenoid swellings

31
Q

Since the mucosa covering the body of the tongue originates form the first pharyngeal arch, sensory innervation is done by what nerve?

A

mandibular branch of trigeminal

32
Q

Tongue musculature is derived from myoblasts originating in occipital somites, thus tongue musculature is innervated by which nerve?

A

hypoglossal

33
Q

What is ankylogossia?

A

tongue-tie - frenulum extends to tip of tongue, anchoring it down

34
Q

The thyroid gland appears as an epithelial proliferation in the floor of the pharynx between the tubercular impar and the copula at a point later indicated by the _____ _____

A

foramen cecum

35
Q

The thyroid gland reaches its final position at week _____ and begins to function at the end of the ____ month

A

7; 3rd

36
Q

The fusion of the primary and secondary palate is marked by what foramen?

A

incisive

37
Q

During the ____ week, the nasal pits deepen considerably. At first, the oronasal membrane separates the nasal pits from the primitive oral cavity by way of the newly formed foramina, the ____ ____

A

6; primitive choanae

note: the definitive choanae lie at the junction of the nasal cavity and the pharynx

38
Q

Paranasal air sinuses develop their maximum size during ____

A

puberty

39
Q

Lateral cleft lip happens more in males and is partial or complete lack of fusion of ____ prominences with the ____ ____ prominences on one or both sides

A

maxillary; medial nasal

40
Q

Cleft palate is the lack of fusion between what?

A

primary and secondary palates

41
Q

Median cleft lip is due to incomplete fusion of the two ____ ____ prominences, usually accompanied by a deep groove between the two halves of the nose.

A

medial nasal

42
Q

This occurs more freq in females, due to incomplete fusion of the palatine shelves

A

cleft palate

43
Q

What causes oblique facial clefts?

A

failure of the maxillary prominence to fuse with the lateral nasal prominence - leaves nasolacrimal duct exposed

Anatomy (44 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions