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Anatomy > Nasal Cavity > Flashcards

Nasal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

The nasal cavity extends from the ____ ____ anteriorly to the _____ posteriorly and is divided in half by a septum

A

nasal vestibule; choanae

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2
Q

The floor of the nasal cavity is formed by the hard palate which is made up of the ____ process of the maxilla and the ____ plate of the palatine bone

A

palatine; horizontal

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3
Q

The roof of the nasal cavity is the ____ plate of the ethmoid bone and the ____ ____ of the frontal bone

A

cribiform; nasal spine

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4
Q

The medial wall of the nasal cavity is formed by the nasal septum. What bones make up this septum?

A

ethmoid (perpendicular plate), vomer, maxilla (nasal crests and spine), and palatine bone

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5
Q

The ____ cartilage makes up the anteriosuperior portion of the septum, while the much smaller _____ cartilage forms the anteroinferior portion

A

septal; vomeronasal

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6
Q

The lateral wall is highly contoured by three roughly horizontal bony projections, the inferior, middle, and superior _____

A

turbinates

note: these are called concha when covered in mucous

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7
Q

The portion of the lateral wall between the superior concha and the roof of the nasal cavity is termed the ______ recess

A

sphenoethmoidal

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8
Q

The nasolacrimal duct, which conducts tears from the lacrimal sac, opens near the anterior portion of the ____ meatus

A

inferior

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9
Q

The middle ethmoidal air cells project into the middle meatus as the ethmoidal ____

A

bulla

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10
Q

Anterior to the ethmoidal bulla, is a groove called the ____ ____. The anterior ethmoidal air cells open into this.

A

semilunar hiatus

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11
Q

The ____ sinus opens into the anterior part of the semilunar hiatus. The ___ sinus opens into the semilunar hiatus below the center of the ethmoidal bulla

A

Frontal; maxillary

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12
Q

The posterior ethmoidal air cells open into which meatus?

A

superior - between the superior and middle conchae

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13
Q

The ______ foramen, located in the superior meatus, allows communication between the pterygopalatine fossa and the nasal cavity

A

sphenopalatine

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14
Q

The sphenoid sinus opens into which recess?

A

spenoethmoidal recess - between the superior concha and the roof of the nasal cavity

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15
Q

What passes through the sphenopalatine foramen?

A

nasopalatine nerve, posterior superior lateral nasal nerve, sphenopalatine artery and vein

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16
Q

What passes through the incisive canal? - located in the midline of the maxilla slightly caudal to the incisors

A

nasopalatine nerve, greater palatine artery

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17
Q

What passes through the cribiform plate?

A

olfactory nerve, posterior ethmoidal artery, and posterior ethmoidal nerve

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18
Q

What passes through the nasal slit?

A

anterior ethmoidal artery and anterior ethmoidal nerve

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19
Q

The foramen cecum is located in the frontal bone, posterior to the frontal sinus. It links the nasal cavity to the anterior cranial fossa. What passes through it?

A

nasal veins coursing into the superior sagittal sinus

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20
Q

The foramina of the palatine canal is a small foramina in the anterior wall of the palatine canal - it links the pterygopalatine fossa with the posterior portion of the nasal cavity. What passes through it?

A

posterior inferior lateral nasal nerves

21
Q

This duct is located in the inferior meatus near the anterior border of the inferior concha. It links the nasal cavity with the lacrimal sac. It is a conduit for tears.

A

nasolacrimal duct

22
Q

This duct opens into the anterior portion of the semilunar hiatus of the middle meatus. It links the anterior ethmoidal air cells and the frontal sinus with the nasal cavity

A

frontonasal duct (ethmoidal infundibulum)

23
Q

This duct opens into the semilunar hiatus of the middle meatus. It links the maxillary sinus with the nasal cavity.

A

duct from the maxillary sinus

24
Q

The duct from the middle ethmoidal air cells opens on the surface of the _____ ______

A

ethmoidal bulla

25
Q

The duct from the sphenoid sinus passes through the body of the sphenoid to open into the posterior margin of the _____ recess

A

sphenoethmoid

26
Q

The arteries supplying the nasal cavity include branches from both the ____ and ____ ____ arteries

A

internal and external carotid

27
Q

This is a terminal branch of the maxillary artery. It is the largest vessel supplying the nasal cavity. This artery enters the nasal cavity through the spenhopalatine foramen and branches over the lateral and medial wall (ECA)

A

sphenopalatine artery

28
Q

This branch of the sphenopalatine artery supplies a large portion of the posterlateral wall; covering the inferior and middle conchae and all three meatal spaces (ECA)

A

posterior lateral nasal branch

29
Q

This branch of the sphenopalatine artery arches under the posterior portion of the nasal roof to reach the nasal septum, then courses roughly parallel to the superior surface of the vomer. (ECA)

A

posterior septal branch

30
Q

This is a branch from the maxillary artery that supplies the hard palate, and then courses superiorly through the incisive canal to anastomose with the sphenopalatine (ECA)

A

greater palatine artery

31
Q

This artery branches off the facial artery near the corner of the mouth, supplies the lip then sends branches to the anterior nasal septum and lateral portion of the nares (ECA)

A

superior labial artery

32
Q

This artery is another branch of the facial artery. It contributes to the blood supply of the external nose before sending out an alar branch around the lateral edge of the nares to supply the nasal vestibule (ECA)

A

lateral nasal artery

33
Q

This artery originates in the orbit from the ophthalmic artery, then passes through the posterior ethmoidal foramen to perfuse the posterior ethmoidal air cells. It passes into the anterior cranial fossa then enters the nasal cavity via the cribriform plate. (ICA)

A

posterior ethmoidal artery

34
Q

This artery originates in the orbit from the ophthalmic artery, then passes through the anterior ethmoidal foramen to perfuse the middle and anterior ethmoidal air cells. It passes into the anterior cranial fossa then enters the nasal cavity via the nasal slit. It courses along the anterior boundary of the roof of the nose, passing inferior to the frontal sinus, the nasal bone, and bridge of the nose. Medially it perfuses the superior portion of the nasal septum; laterally it perfuses the anterior ends of the middle and infer conchae, as well as the superior and inferior meatal mucosa, before terminating as the external nasal branch.

A

anterior ethmoidal artery

35
Q

What is the area called where branches of the greater palatine, sphenopalatine, superior labial and anterior ethmoidal arteries anastomose?

A

kiesselbach’s area

36
Q

In regards to drainage of the nasal cavity, which vein drains the inferior portion?

A

facial bein

37
Q

In regards to drainage of the nasal cavity, which vein(s) drains the posterior portion?

A

facial, maxillary, and cavernous sinus

38
Q

In regards to drainage of the nasal cavity, which vein(s) drains the superior portion?

A

ophthalmic vein and cavernous sinus

39
Q

The innervation of the nasal cavity is divided by an oblique line that roughly corresponds to the superior margin of the ____

A

vomer

40
Q

Inferior to the margin of the vomer is innervated by branches form the ____ nerve

A

maxillary (V2)

41
Q

Superior to the margin of the vomer is innervated by the _____ nerve

A

ophthalmic (V1)

42
Q

Give the branches of the maxillary nerve and what they innervate in the nasal cavity

A

nasopalatine nerve: posterior septum

superior lateral nasal nerve: mucosa around superior concha

inferior lateral nasal nerve: mucosa around middle and inferior conchae

43
Q

Give the branches of the ophthalmic nerve and what they innervate in the nasal cavity

A

posterior ethmoidal nerve: mucosa around sphenoethmoidal recess

anterior ethmoidal nerve: anterosuperior portion of the nasal cavity

44
Q

The anterior ethmoidal nerve radiates over most of the anterior portion of the septum as the ____ _____ nerve

A

internal nasal

45
Q

In regards to innervation of the external nose, list the nerves and what area they innervate.

A

infratrochlear nerve (from nasociliary of V1): external surface

external nasal branch (from anterior ethmoidal nerve of V1): distal side of nose and portions of vestibule

nasal branches (from infraorbital nerve of V2): alae

46
Q

Describe the olfactory epithelium

A

yellowish, quarter-sized patch of sensory epithelium situated near the middle of the roof of the nasal cavity

47
Q

Central projections from the sensory receptors of the olfactory epithelium pas through the cribriform plate to synapse in the ____ ____

A

olfactory bulb

48
Q 
In regards to autonomics, match the structure with the correct nerve that innervates it:
frontal sinus
ethmoidal air cells
sphenoid sinus
maxillary sinus
A

frontal sinus: Supraorbital nerve

ethmoidal air cells: Orbital branches from pterygopalatine ganglion

sphenoid sinus: orbital branches from pterygopalatine ganglion

maxillary sinus: greater palatine nerve

49
Q

These sinuses are outgrowths of the nasal cavity, which have invaded surrounding bones. Each sinus is mucous-lined, air-filled and opens to the nasal cavity through a discrete passageway. The sinuses function to lighten the skull and add resonance to the voice.

A

paranasal sinuses (frontal, ethmoidal air cells, maxillary, and sphenoidal)

Anatomy (44 decks)

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