CN V (Trigeminal Nerve)

Question 1

The caudal part of the brain is referred to as the brainstem and includes three parts. What are they?

Answer 1

medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain

Question 2

A ___ is a cluster of functionally-related neuronal cell bodies in the CNS

Answer 2

nucleus

note: Trigeminal nerve is linked to four

Question 3

This trigeminal nerve nucleus is located slightly lateral to the 3rd ventricle in the midbrain

Answer 3

mesencephalic nucleus

Question 4

This trigeminal nerve nucleus is located slightly lateral to the 3rd ventricle in the pons

Answer 4

principle sensory nucleus

Question 5

This trigeminal nerve nucleus is located slightly lateral to the 4th ventricle in the medulla oblongata

Answer 5

spinal nucleus

Question 6

The caudal end of the spinal nucleus is continued into the spinal cord as the _____ tract

Answer 6

spinotrigeminal

Question 7

Immediately medial to the principle sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve is the much smaller _____ nucleus of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 7

motor

Question 8

The trigeminal nerve extends from the lateral surface of the pons as a filamentous ____ ____ which connects to the medial surface of the trigeminal ganglion

Answer 8

sensory root

Question 9

On the inferior surface of the filamentous sensory stalk is the much smaller _____ root

Answer 9

motor

Question 10

The motor root of the trigeminal nerve courses parallel to, and merges with, the ____ branch

Answer 10

mandibular (V3)

Question 11

The roots of the trigeminal nerve, the trigeminal ganglion, and the proximal ends of the three trigeminal branches are all enclosed within a dural evagination termed the ____ ____

Answer 11

trigeminal cave

Question 12

The two layers of dura matter which form the trigeminal cave are expansions form the ____ ____

Answer 12

tentorium cerebelli

Question 13

The trigeminal cave abuts the caudal surface of the venous expansion termed the ____ sinus

Answer 13

cavernous

Question 14

The two branches of the trigeminal nerve that course through the cavernous sinus are?

Answer 14

ophthalmic (V1) and maxillary (V2)

note: within the sinus, these two branches are inferior to oculomotor (CN III) and trochlear (CN IV) nerves

Question 15

All three branches of the trigeminal give off sensory nerves to the meninges. The largest of these is the ____ ___ nerve which arises from the maxillary (V2) immediately before it enters the foramen rotundum

Answer 15

Middle Meningeal

Question 16

The ____ nerve arises from the mandibular branch (V3) immediately after it passes through foramen ovale and then curls back around to enter the skull through the foramen spinosum

Answer 16

Meningeal

Question 17

The ophthalmic (V1) is the smallest of the trigeminal branches. It almost immediatlely subdivides into three nerves. What are they?

Answer 17

Frontal, Lacrimal, and Nasociliary

Question 18

The frontal and lacrimal nerves enter the orbit through the superior tip of the ____ ____ ____; the nasociliary nerve enters more inferiorly within the _____ ____ of the supraocular muscles

Answer 18

superior orbital fissure; tendinous ring

Question 19

This nerve is a branch from the frontal nerve and exits the orbit near the medial corner, extends superiorly along the forehead, and provides sensory to the scalp, frontal sinus, conjunctiva, and upper eyelid

Answer 19

supratrochlear nerve

Question 20

This nerve is a branch from the frontal nerve and exits the orbit through the supraorbital foramen, extends superiorly along the forehead and posteriorly near the vertex. It provides sensory to the scalp of the head and forehead and the upper eyelid.

Answer 20

supraorbital nerve

Question 21

The lacrimal nerve courses along the superior surface of ____ ____ to reach the lateral corner of the orbit.

Answer 21

rectus lacrimal

Question 22

The lacrimal nerve does not give off any named branches but does supply the ____ gland before exiting the lateral corner of the orbit where it gives sensory to the conjuctiva and upper eyelid

Answer 22

lacrimal

Question 23

The lacrimal nerve includes sympathetic and parasympathetic axons and is connected to the _____ nerve of the maxillary branch (V2)

Answer 23

zygomaticotemporal

Question 24

The nasociliary nerve is the most inferior of the three nerves, a portion courses along the superior surface of the ___ nerve, while the remainder courses near the medial border of the orbit between the ____ ____ and the superior oblique muscles

Answer 24

optic; medial rectus

Question 25

These nerves carry sensory information from the eyeball through the ciliary ganglion and into the nasociliary nerve

Answer 25

short ciliary nerves

Question 26

These nerves carry sensory information from the eyeball but bypass the ciliary ganglion

Answer 26

long ciliary nerves

Question 27

This nerve exits the orbit through the posterior ethmoidal foramen and provides sensory to the sphenoid sinus and the posterior ethmoid air cells

Answer 27

posterior ethmoid nerve

Question 28

The anterior ethmoid nerve gives sensory to the middle and anterior ethmoid air cells before it passes through the margin of the cribriform plate to enter the cranial cavity where it gives off a ____ branch. It then passes inferiorly through the _____ _____ to enter the nasal cavity where it gives sensory to the anterior portion of the nasal septum

Answer 28

meningeal; nasal slit

Question 29

This nerve is the nasociliary nerve distal to the branching of the anterior ethmoidal nerve.

Answer 29

infratrochlear nerve

Question 30

The infratrochlear nerve exits the orbit at the ___ corner and is sensory to the soft tissue at the corner of the orbit, the conjunctiva, and the upper eyelid

Answer 30

medial

Question 31

The maxillary (V2) exits the foramen rotundum as a single nerve, within the pterygopalatine fossa it gives rise to branches and communicates with the pterygopalatine ganglion, then divides into the ____ and ____ nerves

Answer 31

zygomatic and infraorbital

Question 32

The zygomatic and infraorbital nerves enter what?

Answer 32

inferior orbital fissure

Question 33

In regards to the maxillary nerve (V2), this nerve branches off distal to the pterygopalatine galngion, courses inferiorly over the tuberosity of the maxilla to enter the alveolar canal

Answer 33

posterior superior alveolar nerve

Question 34

The posterior superior alveolar nerve provides sensory to what?

Answer 34

upper premolars and molars note: forms plexus with the anterior superior alveolar nerve

Question 35

In regards to the maxillary nerve (V2), this nerve exits near the lateral border of the inferior orbital fissure. Courses for a relatively short distance along the lateral margin of the orbit

Answer 35

zygomatic nerve

Question 36

The communicating branch of the zygomatic nerve courses superiorly to merge with the ____ nerve

Answer 36

lacrimal

Question 37

This branch of the maxillary nerve (V2) exits near the middle of the inferior orbital fissure, only courses in the orbit for a short distance then enters the infraorbital canal. It gives off one branch within the infraorbital canal then passes through the infraorbital foramen

Answer 37

infraorbital nerve

Question 38

This branch of the infraorbital nerve provides sensory to the upper incisors and canines, courses within the alveolar canal and forms a plexus with the posterior counterpart

Answer 38

anterior superior alveolar nerve

Question 39

This branch of the infraorbital nerve courses superiorly from the infraorbital foramen; gives sensory to the lower eyelid and conjunctiva

Answer 39

inferior palpebral nerve

Question 40

This branch of the infraorbital nerve courses medially from the infraorbital foramen and gives sensory to the septum and floor of the nasal cavity

Answer 40

lateral nasal nerve

Question 41

This branch of the infraorbital nerve courses inferiorly from the infraorbital foramen; gives sensory to the skin between the nose and upper lip

Answer 41

superior labial nerve

Question 42

This branch of the mandibular nerve (V3) is a muscular branch which supports the otic ganglion but has no synaptic connections there. It courses over the deep surface of the medial pterygoid and gives off named branches to the tensor tympani and the tensor veil palatini

Answer 42

nerve to medial pterygoid

Question 43

This branch of the mandibular nerve (V3) supplies muscular innervation to the lateral pterygoid

Answer 43

nerve to lateral pterygoid

Question 44

This branch of the mandibular nerve (V3) courses posterior to the tendon of temporalis and anterior to the TMJ. It crosses the mandible and the mandibular notch with the masseteric artery. It gives muscular innervation to the masseter.

Answer 44

masseteric nerve

Question 45

This branch of the mandibular nerve (V3) courses superior to the lateral pterygoid then radiates along the deep surface of the temporalis. It typically splits into anterior and posterior branches, but both the number and origin of the branches is highly variable. Muscular innervation to the temporalis.

Answer 45

Deep temporal nerve

Question 46

This branch of the mandibular nerve (V3) courses deep to the temporalis and master. Sensory to the cheek region, may also carry sensory impulses from the molars.

Answer 46

buccal nerve

Question 47

What three nerves are found in the posterior division of the mandibular nerve (V3)?

Answer 47

auriculotemporal, lingual, and inferior alveolar nerves note: this is confusing but the posterior division is actually inferior, not posterior

Question 48

This branch from the posterior division of the mandibular nerve (V3) courses posteriorly with an inferior arch to course around the neck of the mandible - along this course it is pierced by the MMA, then passes between TMJ and the external auditory meatus before coursing superiorly along the head. Gives sensory to the temporal region, TMJ, auditory canal; autonomics to the parotid gland

Answer 48

auriculotemporal nerve

Question 49

This branch from the posterior division of the mandibular nerve (V3) courses inferior to the lateral pterygoid and medial to the inferior alveolar nerve, then between the medial pterygoid and the ramus of the mandible. Here it gives rise to two communicating branches connecting it to the submandibular ganglion. At the hypoglossus it bifurcates to form the smaller nerve to sublingual gland and larger sublingual nerve which is general sensory to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Answer 49

lingual nerve

Question 50

This branch from the posterior division of the mandibular nerve (V3) courses inferiorly along the posterior margin of the lateral pterygoid. Gives rise to a muscular branch, the nerve to mylohyoid, then passes through the mandibular foramen to enter the mandibular canal. Within the canal, it sends sensory branches to the lower molars and premolars. Anteriorly it bifurcates to form the incisive nerve and the mental nerve

Answer 50

inferior alveolar nerve

Question 51

The ciliary ganglion is located on the superior surface of the optic nerve. What are its inputs?

Answer 51

postsynaptic sympathetic axons: from superior cervical ganglion presynaptic parasympathetic axons: from occulomotor nerve (CN III) sensory fibers: from nasociliary nerve

Question 52

The ciliary ganglion is located on the superior surface of the optic nerve. What are its outputs?

Answer 52

short ciliary nerves

Question 53

What is the functional significance of the ciliary ganglion?

Answer 53

autonomics passing through the ciliary ganglion regulate both accommodation of the lens and pupillary aperture

Question 54

The pterygopalatine ganglion is located in the pterygopalatine fossa. What are its inputs?

Answer 54

postsynaptic sympathetic axons: from superior cervical ganglion presynaptic parasympathetic axons: from greater petrosal nerve (from Facial nerve) sensory fibers: from maxillary nerve (V2)

Question 55

The pterygopalatine ganglion is located in the pterygopalatine fossa. What are its outputs?

Answer 55

``` posterior superior nasal nerve posterior inferior nasal nerve nasopalatine nerve greater palatine nerve lesser palatine nerve orbital nerves pharyngeal nerves ```

Question 56

This nerve gives sensory to the lateral wall of the nasal cavity including the inferior concha

Answer 56

posterior inferior nasal nerve

Question 57

this nerve gives sensory to the palatal mucosa around the upper incisors and canines

Answer 57

nasopaltine nerve

Question 58

This nerve gives sensory to the palatal mucosa and gingiva anteriorly as far as the first premolar

Answer 58

greater palatine nerve

Question 59

This nerve gives sensory to the mucosa of the soft palate

Answer 59

lesser palatine nerve

Question 60

This nerve gives sensory to the medial wall of the orbit

Answer 60

orbital nerve(s)

Question 61

These nerve gives sensory to the nasopharynx

Answer 61

pharyngeal nerve

Question 62

Autonomics passing through the pterygopalatine ganglion regulate _____

Answer 62

lacrimation

Question 63

The submandibular ganglion is located in the floor of the mouth, superior to the submandibular gland. What are its inputs?

Answer 63

postsynaptic sympathetic axons: from superior cervical ganglion presynaptic parasympathetic axons: from chorda tympani sensory fibers: from lingual nerve

Question 64

The submandibular ganglion is located in the floor of the mouth, superior to the submandibular gland. What are its outputs?

Answer 64

the outputs course in the lingual nerve

Question 65

Autonomics passing through the submandibular ganglion regulate what?

Answer 65

saliva expression in the sublingual and submandibular glands

Question 66

The otic ganglion is located on the medial surface of the mandibular nerve (V3) at the level of the divergence of the anterior division of the mandibular nerve. What are its inputs?

Answer 66

post synaptic sympathetic axons: from superior cervical ganglion presynaptic parasympathetic axons: from glossopharyngeal nerve coursing in the lesser petrosal nerve sensory and muscular axons: from medial pterygoid nerve and chorda tympani

Question 67

The otic ganglion is located on the medial surface of the mandibular nerve (V3) at the level of the divergence of the anterior division of the mandibular nerve. What are its outputs?

Answer 67

auriculotemporal nerve to the parotid gland

Question 68

Autonomics passing through the otic ganglion regulate what?

Answer 68

salivation at the parotid gland

Question 69

What is the function of the mesocephalic nucleus?

Answer 69

proprioception from muscles, teeth, TMJ

Question 70

What is the function of the principle nucleus

Answer 70

touch sensation from the head and face

Question 71

What is the function of the spinal nucleus?

Answer 71

tactile sensation from oral cavity, dental pain, pain and temp sensation from face

Question 72

What is the function of the motor nucleus?

Answer 72

muscular branches of mandibular nerve (V3)

Question 73

This is paralysis of the muscles of mastication (innervated by the anterior division of the mandibular nerve (V3))

Answer 73

trigeminal palsy

Question 74

This is described as one of the most painful medical conditions - causes suicidal depression. There is no effective treatment.

Answer 74

trigeminal neuralgia