Mouth and Tongue Flashcards
The oral cavity opens anteriorly to the ____ _____ to posteriorly to the _____ ____
oral fissure; oropharyngeal isthmus
What are the boundaries of the oral cavity (mouth)?
lateral wall: cheeks
anterior: lips
roof: palate
floor: mucosa of floor of mouth
This is the space between the teeth and gums
oral cavity proper
The floor of the mouth includes the temporal bones (the styloid process and petrous portion). What are these bones a point of attachment for?
muscles of the soft palate and tongue
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the paired mylohyoid muscles
origin: mylohyoid line
insertion: raphe plus hyoid bone
action: elevates and pulls hyoid and larynx forward; depresses mandible and opens mouth when hyoid is fixed
What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the geniohyoid muscles?
origin: inferior mental spines
insertion: hyoid
action: same as mylohyoid
innervation: ventral rami C1
The cheeks include the buccinator muscle. What is its origin and innervation?
origin: pterygomandibular raphe and alveolar processes
innnervation: buccal branch of facial nerve
The sublingual papilla is the opening of which duct?
submandibular duct
The sublingual fold covers which gland?
submandibular salivary gland
The plica fimbriata is a fringed fold located where?
lateral to deep lingual vein
How many deciduous (baby) teeth are there? When do they erupt?
20 (4 incisors, 2, canines, 4 molar per jaw); 6 months to 2 years
How many permanent teeth are there? When do they erupt?
32 (4 incisors, 2 canines, 4 premolars, 6 molars per jaw); 6 years to 20 years
Describe the structure of teeth going from superficial to deep
crown, neck, root, cavity of crown, root canal
What are the layers of teeth?
enamel, dentine, dental pulp
What innervates the gums of the upper teeth?
branches of the maxillary nerve
In regards to the gums of the upper teeth, what innervates the buccal side?
post. mid. and ant. superior alveolar nerves
In regards to the gums of the upper teeth, what innervates the palatal (lingual) side?
from ant. to post. : nasopalatine, greater palatine nerves
What innervates the gums of the lower teeth
branches of the mandibular nerve
In regards to gums of the lower teeth, what innervates the buccal side?
from incisors to premolars: mental nerve
molar gums: buccal nerve
In regards to gums of the lower teeth, what innervates the lingual side?
lingual nerve
What are the attachments of the tongue?
mandible and hyoid bone
note: dorsum - in oral cavity, ant. 2/3; post. - in pharynx, post. 1/3
In regards to composition of the tongue, this is a V-shpaed sulcus separating the tongue into ant. 2/3 and post. 1/3
sulcus terminalis
In regards to composition of the tongue, this is a pit at the apex of the sulcus terminals and is an embryological remnant for opening of the thyroglossal duct
foramen cecum
There are 4 types of papillae that make up the tongue. These are numerous, whitish, and don’t have taste buds
filiform
There are 4 types of papillae that make up the tongue. These are reddish, on side and tip of tongue, and contain taste buds
Fungiform
There are 4 types of papillae that make up the tongue. There are 10-12 of this type in front of sulcus terminals. They have numerous taste buds
vallate
There are 4 types of papillae that make up the tongue. These ones are found on lateral margins of the tongue
foliate
In regards to composition of the tongue, where are the lingual tonsils found?
on post. 1/3 of tongue, beneath foliate papillae
These are depressions between median and lateral glossoepiglottic folds
valleculae
All of the muscles of the tongue are innervated by hypoglossal except?
palatoglossus - vagus
The intrinsic tongue muscles do what?
alter shape of the tongue
In regards to extrinsic tongue muscles, what is the origin, insertion, and action, of the genioglossus?
origin: mental spines
insertion: hyoid
action: depress, protrude tongue
In regards to extrinsic tongue muscles, what is the origin, insertion, and action, of the hyoglossus?
origin: Gr. horn and adjacent body of hyoid
insertion: lateral surface of tongue
action: depress tongue
In regards to extrinsic tongue muscles, what is the origin, insertion, and action, of the styloglossus?
origin: styloid process
insertion: lateral surface of tongue
action: elevates and retracts tongue
In regards to extrinsic tongue muscles, what is the origin, insertion, and action, of the palatoglossus?
origin: palatine apon.
insertion: lateral surface of tongue
action: elevates back of tongue
Most of the blood supply to the mouth and tongue comes from this artery. What are its 3 branches?
Lingual artery; branches: dorsal lingual; sublingual, deep lingual arteries
Describe the routes of venous drainage of the mouth and tongue
deep lingual veins unite with sublingual vein to form vena committals nervi hypolgossi. this along with with the dorsal lingual vein drains into the IJV
What is the lymphatic drainage of the tip of the tongue? Ant. 2/3 of tongue? post. 1/3 of tongue?
tip: submental nodes
ant. 2/3: submandibular and deep cervical
post. 1/3: deep cervical nodes
Sensory innervation to the ant. 2/3 of the tongue is by which nerve?
Lingual nerve (V3)
Sensory innervation to the post. 1/3 of the tongue is by which nerve?
glossopharyngeal nerve
Sensory innervation to the most posterior part of the tongue including the valleculae is by which nerve?
vagus
Which nerve is responsible for taste to the ant. 2/3 of the tongue?
chorda tympani
Which nerve is responsible for taste to the post. 1/3 of the tongue?
glossopharyngeal
The submandibular gland has a superficial part in the submandibular triangle and a deep part in the floor of the mouth. This muscle separates these two parts
mylohyoid
The ____ nerve loops under the submandibular duct
lingual
The submandibular duct begins in the gland where it is between the hyoglossus and mylohyoid, courses anteriorly and opens on a ____ _____ by the base of the _____ of the tongue
sublingual papillae; frenulum
These glands lie in the floor of the mouth between the mandible and the genioglossus muscles
sublingual
Give the flow of innervation starting from the brainstem to the salivary glands
brainstem - facial nerve - chorda tympani - chorda tympani + lingual - submandibular ganglion - postganglionic parasympathetic fibers go to glands
