Mouth and Tongue

Question 1

The oral cavity opens anteriorly to the ____ _____ to posteriorly to the _____ ____

Answer 1

oral fissure; oropharyngeal isthmus

Question 2

What are the boundaries of the oral cavity (mouth)?

Answer 2

lateral wall: cheeks

anterior: lips
roof: palate
floor: mucosa of floor of mouth

Question 3

This is the space between the teeth and gums

Answer 3

oral cavity proper

Question 4

The floor of the mouth includes the temporal bones (the styloid process and petrous portion). What are these bones a point of attachment for?

Answer 4

muscles of the soft palate and tongue

Question 5

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the paired mylohyoid muscles

Answer 5

origin: mylohyoid line
insertion: raphe plus hyoid bone
action: elevates and pulls hyoid and larynx forward; depresses mandible and opens mouth when hyoid is fixed

Question 6

What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the geniohyoid muscles?

Answer 6

origin: inferior mental spines
insertion: hyoid
action: same as mylohyoid
innervation: ventral rami C1

Question 7

The cheeks include the buccinator muscle. What is its origin and innervation?

Answer 7

origin: pterygomandibular raphe and alveolar processes
innnervation: buccal branch of facial nerve

Question 8

The sublingual papilla is the opening of which duct?

Answer 8

submandibular duct

Question 9

The sublingual fold covers which gland?

Answer 9

submandibular salivary gland

Question 10

The plica fimbriata is a fringed fold located where?

Answer 10

lateral to deep lingual vein

Question 11

How many deciduous (baby) teeth are there? When do they erupt?

Answer 11

20 (4 incisors, 2, canines, 4 molar per jaw); 6 months to 2 years

Question 12

How many permanent teeth are there? When do they erupt?

Answer 12

32 (4 incisors, 2 canines, 4 premolars, 6 molars per jaw); 6 years to 20 years

Question 13

Describe the structure of teeth going from superficial to deep

Answer 13

crown, neck, root, cavity of crown, root canal

Question 14

What are the layers of teeth?

Answer 14

enamel, dentine, dental pulp

Question 15

What innervates the gums of the upper teeth?

Answer 15

branches of the maxillary nerve

Question 16

In regards to the gums of the upper teeth, what innervates the buccal side?

Answer 16

post. mid. and ant. superior alveolar nerves

Question 17

In regards to the gums of the upper teeth, what innervates the palatal (lingual) side?

Answer 17

from ant. to post. : nasopalatine, greater palatine nerves

Question 18

What innervates the gums of the lower teeth

Answer 18

branches of the mandibular nerve

Question 19

In regards to gums of the lower teeth, what innervates the buccal side?

Answer 19

from incisors to premolars: mental nerve

molar gums: buccal nerve

Question 20

In regards to gums of the lower teeth, what innervates the lingual side?

Answer 20

lingual nerve

Question 21

What are the attachments of the tongue?

Answer 21

mandible and hyoid bone

note: dorsum - in oral cavity, ant. 2/3; post. - in pharynx, post. 1/3

Question 22

In regards to composition of the tongue, this is a V-shpaed sulcus separating the tongue into ant. 2/3 and post. 1/3

Answer 22

sulcus terminalis

Question 23

In regards to composition of the tongue, this is a pit at the apex of the sulcus terminals and is an embryological remnant for opening of the thyroglossal duct

Answer 23

foramen cecum

Question 24

There are 4 types of papillae that make up the tongue. These are numerous, whitish, and don’t have taste buds

Answer 24

filiform

Question 25

There are 4 types of papillae that make up the tongue. These are reddish, on side and tip of tongue, and contain taste buds

Answer 25

Fungiform

Question 26

There are 4 types of papillae that make up the tongue. There are 10-12 of this type in front of sulcus terminals. They have numerous taste buds

Answer 26

vallate

Question 27

There are 4 types of papillae that make up the tongue. These ones are found on lateral margins of the tongue

Answer 27

foliate

Question 28

In regards to composition of the tongue, where are the lingual tonsils found?

Answer 28

on post. 1/3 of tongue, beneath foliate papillae

Question 29

These are depressions between median and lateral glossoepiglottic folds

Answer 29

valleculae

Question 30

All of the muscles of the tongue are innervated by hypoglossal except?

Answer 30

palatoglossus - vagus

Question 31

The intrinsic tongue muscles do what?

Answer 31

alter shape of the tongue

Question 32

In regards to extrinsic tongue muscles, what is the origin, insertion, and action, of the genioglossus?

Answer 32

origin: mental spines insertion: hyoid action: depress, protrude tongue

Question 33

In regards to extrinsic tongue muscles, what is the origin, insertion, and action, of the hyoglossus?

Answer 33

origin: Gr. horn and adjacent body of hyoid insertion: lateral surface of tongue action: depress tongue

Question 34

In regards to extrinsic tongue muscles, what is the origin, insertion, and action, of the styloglossus?

Answer 34

origin: styloid process insertion: lateral surface of tongue action: elevates and retracts tongue

Question 35

In regards to extrinsic tongue muscles, what is the origin, insertion, and action, of the palatoglossus?

Answer 35

origin: palatine apon. insertion: lateral surface of tongue action: elevates back of tongue

Question 36

Most of the blood supply to the mouth and tongue comes from this artery. What are its 3 branches?

Answer 36

Lingual artery; branches: dorsal lingual; sublingual, deep lingual arteries

Question 37

Describe the routes of venous drainage of the mouth and tongue

Answer 37

deep lingual veins unite with sublingual vein to form vena committals nervi hypolgossi. this along with with the dorsal lingual vein drains into the IJV

Question 38

What is the lymphatic drainage of the tip of the tongue? Ant. 2/3 of tongue? post. 1/3 of tongue?

Answer 38

tip: submental nodes ant. 2/3: submandibular and deep cervical post. 1/3: deep cervical nodes

Question 39

Sensory innervation to the ant. 2/3 of the tongue is by which nerve?

Answer 39

Lingual nerve (V3)

Question 40

Sensory innervation to the post. 1/3 of the tongue is by which nerve?

Answer 40

glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 41

Sensory innervation to the most posterior part of the tongue including the valleculae is by which nerve?

Answer 41

vagus

Question 42

Which nerve is responsible for taste to the ant. 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 42

chorda tympani

Question 43

Which nerve is responsible for taste to the post. 1/3 of the tongue?

Answer 43

glossopharyngeal

Question 44

The submandibular gland has a superficial part in the submandibular triangle and a deep part in the floor of the mouth. This muscle separates these two parts

Answer 44

mylohyoid

Question 45

The ____ nerve loops under the submandibular duct

Answer 45

lingual

Question 46

The submandibular duct begins in the gland where it is between the hyoglossus and mylohyoid, courses anteriorly and opens on a ____ _____ by the base of the _____ of the tongue

Answer 46

sublingual papillae; frenulum

Question 47

These glands lie in the floor of the mouth between the mandible and the genioglossus muscles

Answer 47

sublingual

Question 48

Give the flow of innervation starting from the brainstem to the salivary glands

Answer 48

brainstem - facial nerve - chorda tympani - chorda tympani + lingual - submandibular ganglion - postganglionic parasympathetic fibers go to glands