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Anatomy > Larynx > Flashcards

Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

The larynx is continuous with the ____ posteriorly and superiorly, and with the ____ inferiorly

A

pharynx; trachea

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2
Q

The larynx is located at vertebral body levels ___-___

A

C3-C6

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3
Q

What are the 3 functions of the larynx?

A
  1. passage of air
  2. sphincter (close RT during swallowing)
  3. phonation
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4
Q

The laryngeal skeleton (9 cartilages) is formed by ____ cartilage, with the exception of the epiglottic cartilage formed by ____ cartilage

A

hyaline; elastic

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5
Q

This is the largest of the laryngeal cartilage. It consists of two quadrangular laminae fused anteriorly with the adam’s apple

A

Thyroid cartilage

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6
Q

The oblique line is a ridge on the posterolateral sides of the thyroid cartilage for attachment of what 3 muscles?

A

sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, inferior pharyngeal constrictor

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7
Q

This is the only cartilage to completely encircle the airway. It has a thin anterior arch and an enlarged lamina posteriorly. The lamina articulates with the arytenoid cartilages

A

Cricoid cartilage

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8
Q

This cartilage is a paired set, located posteriorly in the larynx, sitting atop the lamina of the cricoid. It has a three-sided pyramidal shape with a posterolateral projection for muscular attachment, an anterior projection for vocal ligaments, and a superior apex.

A

Arytenoid cartilage

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9
Q

This cartilage is paired, sits atop the apices of the arytenoid cartilages and is conical-shaped.

A

corniculate cartilages

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10
Q

This cartilage is single, paddle or teardrop-shaped, located posterior to the root of the tongue and hyoid bone, and is broad with a free superior part and an inferior stalk attached to the internal surface of the angle between laminae anteriorly

A

epiglottic cartilage

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11
Q

The larynx grows from birth to childhood. At puberty, laryngeal cartilages enlarge and laryngeal prominences become more obvious in males due to influence of ____

A

testosterone

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12
Q

These joints are synovial articulations of inferior horns of thyroid cartilage and the lamina of cricoid cartilage

A

cricothyroid joints

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13
Q

In regards to the cricothyroid joints, as thyroid cartilage tilts anteriorly, the vocal folds are ____

A

tensed

note: posterior tilting loosens vocal folds

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14
Q

These joints are synovial articulations of arytenoid cartilage and the lamina of cricoid cartilage

A

cricoarytenoid joints

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15
Q

In regards to cricoarytenoid joints, the arytenoid cartilages slide transversely and pivot on cricoid cartilage which results in what?

A

abduction or adduction of the vocal processes

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16
Q

The thyrohyoid membrane connects the ____ border of the thyroid cartilage to the ____ and ____ ____ of the hyoid bone

A

superior; body; greater horns

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17
Q

The openings in the thyrohyoid membrane allow passage of what vessels/nerve

A

superior laryngeal vessels; internal laryngeal nerve

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18
Q

This ligament attaches the inferior surface of the cricoid to the upper border of the 1st tracheal ring

A

cricotracheal ligament

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19
Q

This ligament passes from anterior midline of epiglottis to the body of the hyoid bone. It limits epiglottic movement posteriorly

A

hyoepiglottic ligament

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20
Q

The thryoepiglottic ligament attaches the ____ of the epiglottic cartilage to thyroid cartilage

A

stalk

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21
Q

This is an elastic membrane that attaches to the superior surface of cricoid cartilage and projects superomedially inside the thyroid cartilage

A

conus elasticus

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22
Q

The upper, free edges of conus elasticus are thickened to form ____ ____ which attach postiorly to the ____ ____ of the arytenoid cartilages and anteriorly to the thyroid laminae

A

vocal ligaments (cords); vocal processses

23
Q

The thickened anterior portion of conus elasticus is the ____ _____ ligament

A

median cricothryoid

24
Q

This ligament is a thin submucosal CT that supports the aryepiglottic fold. It is attached between epiglottic and arytenoid cartilages.

A

quadrangular ligament

25
Q

The free superior margin of the quadrangular ligament forms the _____ ligament, the free inferior margin forms the ____ ligament

A

aryepiglottic; vestibular

26
Q

The vestibular ligament attaches where?

A

below the apex of the arytenoid cartilage and to the thyroid cartilage above the vocal ligament

27
Q

The superior opening of the larynx is called what?

A

laryngeal inlet

28
Q

The vestibule of the larynx is the space between the ____ folds

A

aryepiglottic

29
Q

The space between the vestibular folds is called the ____ _____

A

rima vestibuli

30
Q

The narrow space between the vestibular and vocal folds is called the laryngeal ventricle. It extends anterosuperiorly as the ____, a blind pouch with numerous mucous glands

A

saccule

31
Q

The mucosa of the ventricle continues inferiorly to cover the vocal ligaments to form the ____ ____

A

vocal folds (true vocal cords)

32
Q

The opening between two vocal folds is ____ _____

A

rima glottidis

33
Q

The shape of rim glottidis is ____ during normal respiration and ____ during forced respiration, and _____-like during phonation

A

narrow; wide; phonation

34
Q

For the following intrinsic muscle of the larynx, give the origin, insertion, and action:
Posterior cricoarytneoid muscle

A

origin: lamina of cricoid cartilage
insertion: muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
action: abduction of vocal folds -> opens rima glottidis

35
Q

For the following intrinsic muscle of the larynx, give the origin, insertion, and action:
Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

A

origin: cricoid cartilage
insertion: muscular process of arytenoids
action: adducting vocal folds -> closes rima glottidis

36
Q

For the following intrinsic muscle of the larynx, give the origin, insertion, and action:
Transverse arytenoid muscle

A

attachments: spans between arytenoid cartilages posteriorly
action: assists with adduction of vocal folds

37
Q

For the following intrinsic muscle of the larynx, give the origin, insertion, and action:
oblique arytenoid muscle

A

origin: muscular process of arytenoids
insertion: apex of opposite arytenoid
action: assists with adduction of the vocal folds

38
Q

For the following intrinsic muscle of the larynx, give the origin, insertion, and action:
Cricothyroid muscle

A

origin: arch of cricoid cartilage
insertion: inferior edge of thyroid cartilage
action: stretches/tenses vocal folds (allowing pitch to be raised)

39
Q

For the following intrinsic muscle of the larynx, give the origin, insertion, and action:
Thyroarytenoid muscle

A

origin: anterior thyroid cartilage (arises internally)
insertion: anterolateral surface of arytenoid cartilage
action: relaxing vocal folds

40
Q

For the following intrinsic muscle of the larynx, give the origin, insertion, and action:
Vocalis muscle

A

origin: arytenoid cartilage (vocal processes)
insertion: vocal ligament
action: fine tunes tension on vocal folds

41
Q

For the following intrinsic muscle of the larynx, give the origin, insertion, and action:
Thyroepiglottic muscle

A

origin: extension of thyroarytenoid muscle
insertion: aryepiglottic fold
action: sphincter for the aditus

42
Q

The superior laryngeal artery, which supplies most of the upper part of the larynx is usually a branch from this artery

A

superior thyroid artery

43
Q

The inferior laryngeal artery supplies the lower part of the larynx after arising form the inferior thyroid artery which is a branch from what?

A

thyrocervical trunk

44
Q

The inferior laryngeal artery ascends with what nerve?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

45
Q

The superior laryngeal vein drains through the ____ ____ vein into the ____ ____ vein

A

superior thyroid; internal jugular

46
Q

The inferior laryngeal vein drains through the ____ ____ vein to the ____ ____ vein

A

inferior thyroid; left brachiocephalic

47
Q

Sensory innervation of the larynx is entirely from branches of the vagus nerve. From the aditus to the vocal cords, the mucosa is supplied by the _____ ____ nerves; below the vocal cords the mucosa is innervated by the ____ ____ nerves

A

internal laryngeal; recurrent laryngeal

48
Q

Motor innervation to the cricothryoid muscle is by the ____ ____ nerve, while all other muscles in the larynx are innervated by the _____ ____ nerves

A

external laryngeal; recurrent laryngeal

49
Q

Motor neurons to laryngeal muscles, as well as preganglionic parasympathetic neuron cell bodies are in the ____ ____

A

brain stem

50
Q

What are the two branches of superior laryngeal nerve? What is the continuation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

superior laryngeal nerve: internal and external laryngeal nerves

recurrent laryngeal nerve: inferior laryngeal nerve

51
Q

Damage to this nerve can cause desensitization of superior larynx and hence more likely to have difficulty swallowing yielding laryngeal foreign bodies and choking

A

internal laryngeal nerve

52
Q

Damage to this nerve can paralyze cricothryoid muscle, resulting in a weak voice, lowered pitch, or monotone voice

A

external laryngeal nerve

53
Q

Damage to this nerve can result in vocal fold paralysis

A

inferior laryngeal nerve

54
Q

Damage to this nerve results in the abductors being more affected than adductors which is known as Semon’s law. This yields an adducted position of affected cords.

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Anatomy (44 decks)

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