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Anatomy > Joints of the Upper Limb (Shoulder) > Flashcards

Joints of the Upper Limb (Shoulder) Flashcards

1
Q

The pectoral girdle is formed by the ___ and ___

A

clavicle and scapula

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2
Q

The pectoral girdle can be considered a “strut” system. Define “strut”

A

A strut, as part of a framework, is a rod or bar designed to resist compression (ex: the clavicle resists the inward pull of the chest/back musculature)

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3
Q

In the pectoral girdle, the clavicular strut also protects and partially defines, a major neuromuscular conduit termed the ______ canal

A

cervicoaxillary

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4
Q

The clavicle forms the bony connection between the upper limbs an the axial skeleton. It articulates with the ___ laterally, and the ____ medially

A

acromion; manubrium

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5
Q

What is the function of the clavicle?

A

acts as a strut to maintain the upper limb separation from the thorax so the arm has increased range of motion

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6
Q

The sternoclavicular joint is a ____ joint, with an internal cartilaginous disc, between the ___ ____ of the manubrium and the sternal facet of the proximal clavicle

A

synovial; clavicular notch

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7
Q

In regards to the sternoclavicular joint, these ligaments cover either side of the joint and spread onto the respective surfaces of the manubrium

A

anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments

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8
Q

In regards to the sternoclavicular joint, this ligament connects the superior surfaces of the contralateral clavicles. This ligament follows the contours of the superior surface of the manubrium, including the large median depression, the jugular notch

A

interclavicular ligament

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9
Q

In regards to the sternoclavicular joint, this ligament connects the inferior surface of the proximal clavicle to the superior surface of the costal cartilage and distal tip of the 1st rib

A

costoclavicular joint

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10
Q

At full elevation of the limb, the clavicle inclines ____ degrees from transverse, and can depress to ___ degrees

A

40; 10

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11
Q

At full elevation via flexion, the clavicle rotates on its ___ axis

A

longitudinal

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12
Q

From anatomical position, the clavicle can protract ___ degrees and retract ___ degrees

A

30; 25

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13
Q

In regards to the scapula, the coracoid process is inferior, medial, and ventral to the larger ____

A

acromion

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14
Q

Name and describe the 3 fossa found on the scapula

A

supraspinous fossa: superior to spine of scapula
infraspinous fossa: inferior to spine of scapula
subscapular fossa: ventral surface of scapula

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15
Q

The acromioclavicular joint has an internal cartilaginous disc between what two structures of the acromion and clavicle?

A

the acromial facet of the distal clavicle and the anterior end of the acromial process

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16
Q

This ligament attaches the medial base of the coracoid process to the conoid tubercle on the inferior surface of the clavicle

A

conoid ligament

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17
Q

This ligament attaches the lateral base of the coracoid process to the trapezoid line on the inferior surface of the clavicle

A

trapezoid ligament

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18
Q

This ligament does not contact the clavicle, rather it spans from the acromion process to the coracoid process, forming a reinforcing arch over the superior surface of the glenohumeral joint

A

coracoacromial ligament

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19
Q

This muscle is a thick, triangular muscle on the anterior surface of the scapula

A

subscapularis

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20
Q

What are the attachments of subscapularis?

A

originates from the sub scapular fossa of the scapula; inserts onto the lesser tubercle of the humerus

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21
Q

What innervates subscapularis?

A

upper and lower subscapular nerves

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22
Q

What is the action of subscapularis?

A

medially rotates arm and helps stabilize shoulder joint, as a rotator cuff

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23
Q

This muscle is an extensive sheet of muscle characterized by its focal attachments on successive ribs giving it a jagged or serrated appearance

A

serratus anterior

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24
Q

What are the attachments of serratus anterior?

A

originates from the lateral surface of ribs 1-8; inserts onto the medial border of the scapula

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25
Q

What innervates serratus anterior?

A

Long Thoracic nerve

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26
Q

What is the action of serratus anterior?

A

primary protractor of the scapula

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27
Q

The scapulothoracic joint is a muscular joint formed between three planes of muscle. What are they?

A

Superficial: subscapularis

middle: serratus anterior
deep: external intercostals and ribs

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28
Q

Movement occurs between each plane of the scapulothoracic joint. To smooth these movements. There are two bursa. Name and describe location of these two bursa.

A

Subscapular bursa: between subscapularis and serratus anterior
Scapulothoracic bursa: between serratus anterior and the external intercostals

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29
Q

This is a small cord of muscle located inferior to the proximal end of the clavicle

A

subclavius

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30
Q

What are the attachments of the subclavius?

A

originates form the superior surface of the distal tip and costal cartilage of the 1st rib; origin integrates with the costoclavicular ligament

31
Q

What innervates sublcavius?

A

nerve to subclavius

32
Q

What is the action of subclavius?

A

depress the clavicle; seat the clavicle in the sternoclavicular joint

33
Q

This is a triangular muscle - the majority of which is covered by larger and more superficial pec major

34
Q

What are the attachments of pec minor?

A

originates from ribs 3-5 near the lateral border of the costal cartilages; inserts on the coracoid process of the scapula

35
Q

What innervates pec minor?

A

medial pectoral nerve

36
Q

What is the action of pec minor?

A

depress, protract, an downward rotate the scapula

37
Q

This is a large muscle covering the anterior thoracic wall

38
Q

What are the attachments of pec major?

A

originating over several discrete heads including a clavicular head from the proximal half of the clavicle, and a sternal head from the lateral margin of the sternum and the costal cartilages of the first 7 ribs. Inserts on the lateral margin of the inter tubercular groove

39
Q

What innervates pec major?

A

medial and lateral pectoral nerves

40
Q

What is the action of pec major?

A

medial rotation, protraction, elevation, and adduction of the humerus

41
Q

Where the superolateral portion of pec major diverges from the distal end of the clavicle there is a prominent depression termed the ____ fossa

A

infraclavicular

42
Q

This muscle is a thick, rounded muscle which follows latissimus dorsi through the axilla to the anterior arm

A

teres major

43
Q

What are the attachments of teres major?

A

originates proximally from the posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula and inserts distally on the medial lip of inter tubercular groove - tendon lies posterior of that of latissimus dorsi with a bursa between

44
Q

What innervates teres major?

A

lower subscapular nerve

45
Q

What is the action of teres major?

A

extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm (hint: same as latissimus dorsi)

46
Q

What are the 4 muscles that make up the rotator cuff?

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

47
Q

What are the attachments of supraspinatus?

A

originates proximally from supraspinous fossa of the scapula and inserts distally on the superior face of the greater tubercle of the humerus

48
Q

What innervates supraspinatus?

A

suprascapular nerve

49
Q

What are the actions of supraspinatus?

A

initiates abduction of arm (0-15 degrees), arguably some medial rotation and stabilizes the joint by pulling humerus into glenoid fossa

50
Q

The tendon of supraspinatus if protected from the overlying acromion and deltoid by what?

A

a subacromial bursa; subdeltoid bursa

51
Q

What are the attachments of infraspinatus?

A

originates form the infraspinous fossa of the scapula and inserts distally on the middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

52
Q

What innervates infraspinatus?

A

suprascapular nerve

53
Q

What are the actions of infraspinatus?

A

laterally rotates humerus and as a rotator cuff muscle it stabilizes shoulder joint

54
Q

This is an elongated muscle deep to posterior deltoid, lateral to and difficult to separate from the infraspinatus

A

teres minor

55
Q

What are the attachments of teres minor?

A

originates proximally form lateral border of scapula and inserts distally into the inferior facet on greater tubercle of humerus

56
Q

What innervates teres minor?

A

axillary nerve

57
Q

What is the action of teres minor?

A

laterally rotates humerus and stabilizes shoulder joint

58
Q

The scapula can be elevated approximately ___ degrees and depressed approximately ___ degrees

59
Q

The scapula can be retracted approximately ___ degrees and protracted approximately ___ degrees

60
Q

The scapula rotates upward approximately ___ degrees and downward approximately ___ degrees

61
Q

During the abduction of the arm there is a 1:2 ratio of motion such that for every ___ degrees of arm abduction, ___ degrees is form the glenohumeral joint and ___ degrees is form the scapula

62
Q

The ____ wall of the axilla is formed by the lateral surface of the first five ribs, as well as the covering serratus anterior

63
Q

The ___ wall of the axilla is formed by the pec minor and pec major

64
Q

The ___ wall of the axilla is formed by the ventral surface of the scapula and the covering subscapularis muscle. It is also formed by teres major and teres minor and closely associated latissimus dorsi

65
Q

The ___ wall of the axilla is formed by a narrow strip along the proximal end of the shaft of the humerus, more specifically, the intertubercular groove and its medial and lateral borders

66
Q

What is the base of the axilla?

A

axillary fascia and skin

67
Q

This fascia invests the pec major and is continuous inferiorly with the fascia of the abdominal wall and laterally with the axillary fascia

A

pectoral fascia

68
Q

This fascia is deep to pectoral fascia and pec major, from clavicle down, enclosing the subclavius and pec minor

A

clavipectoral fascia

69
Q

Name the three components of the clavipectoral fascia

A

costocoracoid membrane: extends form clavicle to the upper border of pec minor
costocoracoid ligament: strong band of fascia between the coracoid process and 1st rib
suspensory ligament of the axilla: deep fascial layer beyond the inferolateral edge of pec minor

70
Q

This fascia is a superficial fascia that extends between the pectoral fascia and the fascia of latissimus dorsi. The inner surface of this fascia is continuous with the distal end of the suspensory ligament of the axilla

A

axillary fascia

71
Q

What 3 things form the deltopectoral triangle?

A
  1. superolateral surface of pec major
  2. superomedial surface of deltoid
  3. inferior surface of clavicle
72
Q

What forms the floor of the deltopectoral triangle?

A

clavipectoral fascia

73
Q

The deltopectoral triangle is pierced by what vein?

Anatomy (44 decks)

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