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MBBCh 2- ANAT2020A > Temporal, Infratemporal and Pterygopalatine Fossae > Flashcards

Temporal, Infratemporal and Pterygopalatine Fossae Flashcards

1
Q

Temporal Fossa
Posterior and superior border:

A

temporal lines

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2
Q

Temporal Fossa
Anterior border:

A

zygomatic and frontal bones

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3
Q

Temporal Fossa
Lateral border:

A

zygomatic arch

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4
Q

Temporal Fossa
Inferior border:

A

infratemporal crest of sphenoid

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5
Q

Temporal Fossa
Floor border:

A

the 4 bones forming pterion

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6
Q

What are the 4 bones forming pterion?

A

o Frontal, parietal, temporal, sphenoid (greater wing)

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7
Q

Temporal Fossa
Roof:

A

temporal fascia

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8
Q

Contents of the temporal fossa:

A

Upper portion of temporalis muscle

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9
Q

Infratemporal Fossa
Lateral border:

A

ramus of mandible

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10
Q

Infratemporal Fossa
Medial border:

A

lateral pterygoid plate

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11
Q

Infratemporal Fossa
Anterior border:

A

posterior aspect of maxilla

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12
Q

Infratemporal Fossa
Posterior border:

A

tympanic plate, mastoid process and styloid process of temporal bone

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13
Q

Infratemporal Fossa
Superior border:

A

inferior surface of greater wing of sphenoid

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14
Q

Infratemporal Fossa
Inferior border:

A

mandible near its angle where medial pterygoid muscle inserts

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15
Q

What are the contents of the infratemporal Fossa? (6)

A
  • Inferior part of the temporalis muscle
  • Lateral and medial pterygoid muscles
  • Maxillary artery
  • Pterygoid venous plexus
  • Mandibular (inferior alveolar br., lingual br., buccal br.) and chorda tympani (from facial n.) nerves
  • Otic ganglion
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16
Q

The temporal and infratemporal regions together contain the ___________ joint.

A

temporomandibular

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17
Q

What are the features of the Maxillary Artery? (2)

A
  • Terminal branch of the external carotid artery
  • Divided into 3 parts based on its relation to the lateral pterygoid muscle
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18
Q

What is the course of the maxillary artery in the 1st part of the mandibular?

A

Horizontal at level of the neck of condylar process of mandible as it runs medially.

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19
Q

What are the branches of the maxillary artery in the 1st part of the mandibular? (5)

A
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20
Q

1st part - Mandibular
Deep auricular
Distribution: (2)

A
  • external acoustic meatus and external tympanic membrane
  • TMJ
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21
Q

1st part - Mandibular
Anterior tympanic
Distribution:

A
  • internal tympanic membrane
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22
Q

1st part - Mandibular
Middle meningeal
Distribution: (4)

A

Enters foramen spinosum to supply
* Bone and dura mater of lateral wall and calvaria of neurocranium
* Trigeminal and geniculate ganglia
* Facial nerve
* Tympanic cavity and tensor tympani muscle

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23
Q

1st part - Mandibular
Accessory meningeal
Distribution: (3)

A

Enters foramen ovale and also supplies:
* Muscles of infratemporal fossa
* Sphenoid bone
* Mandibular nerve and otic ganglion

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24
Q

1st part - Mandibular
Inferior alveolar
Distribution:

A

Descends into mandibular canal to supply:
* Mandible, its teeth, chin and mylohyoid

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25
Q

What is the course of the maxillary artery in the 2nd part - pterygoid?

A

As it passes lateral pterygoid muscle, it ascends antero-
superiorly, medial to temporalis.

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26
Q

What are the branches of the maxillary artery in the 2nd part- pterygoid? (4)

A
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27
Q

2nd part - Pterygoid
Masseteric
Distribution:

A

Traverses mandibular notch to supply:

  • TMJ and masseter
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28
Q

2nd part - Pterygoid
Deep temporal
Distribution:

A

Anterior and posterior branches ascend between temporalis and underlying bone to supply the muscle

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29
Q

2nd part - Pterygoid
Pterygoid
Distribution:

A

Pterygoid muscle

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30
Q

2nd part - Pterygoid
Buccal
Distribution: (3)

A

Runs antero-inferiorly with buccal n. to supply
* Buccal fat-pad
* Buccinator
* Buccal oral mucosa

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31
Q

What is the course of the maxillary artery in the 3rd part in the pterygopalatine? (3)

A
  • Passes between heads of lateral pterygoid muscle
  • Enters pterygomaxillary fissure
  • Enters pterygopalatine fossa
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32
Q

What are the branches of the maxillary artery in the 3rd part in the pterygopalatine? (6)

A
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33
Q

3rd part - Pterygopalatine
Posterior superior alveolar
Distribution:

A

Descends on maxilla’s infratemporal surface with branches traversing alveolar canals to supply
* Maxillary teeth, adjacent gingiva and mucous membrane of maxillary sinus

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34
Q

3rd part - Pterygopalatine
Infraorbital
Distribution: (3)

A

Traverses inferior orbital fissure, infraorbital groove, canal and foramen to supply
* Inferior oblique and rectus muscles, lacrimal sac
* Maxillary canines and incisors and mucous membrane of maxillary sinus
* Skin of infraorbital region of the face

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35
Q

3rd part - Pterygopalatine
Artery of pterygoid canal
Distribution:

A

Passes posteriorly through pterygoid canal to supply
* Mucosa of upper pharynx, eustachian tube and tympanic cavity

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36
Q

3rd part - Pterygopalatine
Pharyngeal branch
Distribution:

A

Passes through palatovaginal canal to supply:
* Mucosa of nasal roof, nasopharynx and sphenoidal air sinus

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37
Q

3rd part - Pterygopalatine
Descending palatine artery
Distribution:

A

Descends into greater palatine canal as it divides into greater and lesser palatine aa. to supply
* Mucosa and glands of hard and soft palate

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38
Q

3rd part - Pterygopalatine
Sphenopalatine artery (terminal branch
of maxillary a.)
Distribution: (2)

A

Traverses sphenopalatine foramen to supply
* Walls and septum of nasal cavity and all paranasal sinuses
* Anterior-most palate

39
Q

What are the somatic sensory branches of the mandibular nerve? (5)

A
40
Q

Somatic sensory branches
Meningeal branch
Structures innervated:

A

Dura mater

41
Q

Somatic sensory branches
Buccal nerve
Structures innervated:

A

Skin over the buccal region of the face
2nd and 3rd molars

42
Q

Somatic sensory branches
Auriculotemporal nerve
Structures innervated:

A

Auricle and temporal region and TMJ

43
Q

Somatic sensory branches
Lingual nerve (anastomoses with chorda tympani in infratemporal fossa)
Structures innervated: (2)

A

Anterior 2 thirds of tongue
Floor of the mouth

44
Q

Inferior alveolar nerve, sub-branches:

A

Inferior dental plexus
Mental nerve

45
Q

Inferior dental plexus
Structures innervated:

A

All mandibular teeth

46
Q

Mental nerve
Innervation: (3)

A

Skin and mucous membrane of lower lip
Skin of the chin
Vestibular gingiva of the mandibular incisors

47
Q

Somatic motor branches: (4)

A

1 Masseteric nerve
2 Deep temporal nerves
3 Nerves to medial and lateral pterygoid
4 Nerve to mylohyoid

48
Q

What are the structures innervated by the somatic motor branches?

A

Muscles of mastication

49
Q

Otic Ganglion
Location:

A

Located in the infratemporal fossa inferior to foramen ovale

50
Q

Otic Ganglion:
Medial to…

A

Medial to mandibular nerve

51
Q

Otic Ganglion:
Posterior to…

A

Posterior to medial pterygoid muscle

52
Q

Otic Ganglion:
Presynaptic parasympathetic fibres of _____ _____ (CN IX)

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

53
Q

Otic Ganglion:
* _______ in the otic ganglion
* Postsynaptic parasympathetic fibres pass from the ganglion to the parotid gland through _________ nerve

A

Synapse
auriculotemporal

54
Q

Pterygopalatine Fossa
Relative position:
Medial to…

A

Medial to infratemporal fossa

55
Q

Pterygopalatine Fossa
Relative position:
Lateral to…

A

Lateral to the back of the nose

56
Q

Pterygopalatine Fossa
Relative position:
Inferior to…

A

Inferior to the apex of the orbit

57
Q

Pterygopalatine Fossa
Boundaries
* Posterior-

A

Posterior- pterygoid process of sphenoid

58
Q

Pterygopalatine Fossa
Boundaries
* Anterior-

A

Anterior- rounded posteromedial aspect of maxilla

59
Q

Pterygopalatine Fossa
Boundaries
Medial-

A

Medial- perpendicular plate of palatine

60
Q

Pterygopalatine Fossa
Boundaries
Lateral-

A

Lateral- pterygomaxillary fissure

61
Q

Pterygopalatine Fossa
Boundaries
Roof-

A

Roof- medial continuation of infratemporal crest of greater wing of sphenoid

62
Q

Pterygopalatine Fossa
Boundaries
Floor-

A

Floor- pyramidal process of palatine

63
Q

Posterior communications: (3)

A
  1. Foramen rotundum to middle cranial fossa
  2. Pterygoid canal to middle cranial fossa via foramen lacerum
  3. Palatovaginal/Pharyngeal canal to nasopharynx
64
Q

Lateral communication:

A
  1. Pterygomaxillary fissure to infratemporal fossa
65
Q

Medial communication:

A
  1. Sphenopalatine foramen to nasal cavity
66
Q

Anterior communication:

A
  1. Inferior orbital fissure to floor of orbit
67
Q

Inferior communications: (2)

A
  1. Greater palatine canal to mucosa of hard palate
  2. Lesser palatine canal to mucosa of soft palate
68
Q

Pterygopalatine Fossa contents: (2)

A
  • Pterygopalatine (3rd) part of maxillary artery
  • Maxillary nerve (CN V2) and pterygopalatine ganglion
69
Q

Communication:
Foramen rotundum
Artery -
Nerve -

A
  • Maxillary nerve
70
Q

Communication:
Pterygoid canal
Artery -
Nerve -

A

Artery of pterygoid canal
Nerve of pterygoid canal

71
Q

Communication:
Palatovaginal/pharyngeal canal
Artery -
Nerve -

A

Pharyngeal artery
Pharyngeal nerve

72
Q

Communication:
Pterygomaxillary fissure
Artery -
Nerve -

A

Maxillary artery
Posterior superior alveolar nerves

73
Q

Communication:
Sphenopalatine foramen
Artery -
Nerve -

A

Sphenopalatine artery
Lateral nasal nerve

74
Q

Communication:
Inferior orbital fissure
Artery -
Nerve -

A

Infraorbital artery
Infraorbital nerve and zygomatic nerve

75
Q

Communication:
Greater palatine canal
Artery -
Nerve -

A

Greater palatine artery
Greater palatine nerve

76
Q

Communication:
Lesser palatine canal
Artery -
Nerve -

A

Lesser palatine artery
Lesser palatine nerve

77
Q

Branch of maxillary nerve:
Meningeal branch

Structures innervated (sensory innervation only):

A

Dura mater of anterior middle cranial fossa

78
Q

What are the 3 branches of the Zygomatic nerve?

A
79
Q

Zygomaticofacial

Structures innervated (sensory innervation only):

A

Anterior cheek

80
Q

Zygomaticotemporal

Structures innervated (sensory innervation only):

A

Skin of the temple

81
Q

Communicating br. to lacrimal n.

Structures innervated (sensory innervation only):

A

Lacrimal gland

82
Q

Branch of the 4. Ganglionic branches to ______________ ganglion.

A

pterygopalatine

83
Q

Branch of maxillary nerve:
Posterior superior alveolar

Structures innervated (sensory innervation only):

A

Molar teeth and maxillary sinus

84
Q

What are the 5 branches of the Infraorbital nerve?

A
85
Q

Middle superior alveolar

Structures innervated (sensory innervation only):

A

Maxillary premolars and molars

86
Q

Anterior superior alveolar

Structures innervated (sensory innervation only):

A

Maxillary incisors and canines

87
Q

Superior labial

Structures innervated (sensory innervation only):

A

Upper lip

88
Q

Inferior palpebral

Structures innervated (sensory innervation only):

A

Conjunctiva of inferior eyelid

89
Q

External nasal

Structures innervated (sensory innervation only):

A

Skin of lateral external nose

90
Q

Branch of maxillary nerve:

Greater palatine nerve
Structures innervated (sensory innervation only):

A

Hard palate

91
Q

Branch of maxillary nerve:

Lesser palatine nerve
Structures innervated (sensory innervation only):

A

Soft palate and palatine tonsils

92
Q

Branch of maxillary nerve:

Posterior lateral nasal nerves
Structures innervated (sensory innervation only):

A

Lateral wall of nasal cavity

93
Q

Branch of maxillary nerve:

Nasopalatine nerve
Structures innervated (sensory innervation only):

A

Anterior part of hard palate and nasal septum

94
Q

Branch of maxillary nerve:

Pharyngeal nerve
Structures innervated (sensory innervation only):

A

Nasal part of the pharynx

MBBCh 2- ANAT2020A (60 decks)

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