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MBBCh 2- ANAT2020A > Abdomen Week 1 (C) > Flashcards

Abdomen Week 1 (C) Flashcards

1
Q

What is peritoneum?

A
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2
Q

Parietal vs Visceral peritoneum:

A
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3
Q

What is the function of the peritoneal cavity? (2)

A

▪Lubricates digestive organs
▪Contains leukocytes & antibodies

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4
Q

What are peritoneal organs? (3)

A
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5
Q

What are retroperitoneal organs? (3)

A
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6
Q

▪ Intraperitoneal organs:

A

Visceral peritoneum

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7
Q

▪ Retroperitoneal organs:

A

▪ Retroperitoneal organs – parietal peritoneum
(anterior surface only

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8
Q

▪ Primary retroperitoneal –
▪ Secondary retroperitoneaI -

A

▪ Primary retroperitoneal – develop outside

▪ Secondary retroperitoneaIl – move outside during
developmen

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9
Q

▪ Retroperitoneal viscera:

SADPUCKER

A
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10
Q

Visceral peritoneum innervation: (3)

A

▪ Autonomic supply (same as the viscera)
▪ Pain is referred to equivalent :hard to used clinically dermatomes (poorly localised) —> hard to be used clinically
▪ Sensation limited to stretch and chemical irritation (rupture , enzymes leak out in peritoneum)

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11
Q

Autonomic supply of visceral peritoneum: (2)

A
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12
Q

Parietal peritoneum innervation: (2)

A
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13
Q

▪ Mesentery – double layer of peritoneum that provides: (3)

A
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14
Q

▪Small intestine→ the mesentery…

A

Connect/SI to posterior abdomen wall.

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15
Q

▪ Colon → _______
(transverse, sigmoid etc. )

A

mesocolon

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16
Q

▪ Appendix → ________

A

mesoappendix

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17
Q

Omenta: (2)

A

▪ Greater omentum
▪ Lesser omentum

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18
Q

What is the greater omentum?

A

Connects stomach to transverse colon

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19
Q

What is the lesser omentum? (3)

A
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20
Q

What are the contents of the omenta? (3)

A

Portal triad

▪ Common bile duct
▪ Proper hepatic artery
▪ Hepatic portal vein

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21
Q

What is the function of peritoneum?

A

Connects organs to each other or to posterior abdominal wall.

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22
Q

What are the peritoneal ligaments of the liver? (5)

A
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23
Q

What are the peritoneal ligaments of the stomach? (3)

A
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24
Q

What are the peritoneal ligaments of the colon?

A
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25
Q

What are the peritoneal ligaments of the spleen?

A
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26
Q

What are the compartments of the greater sac? (2)

A
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27
Q

What is the lesser sac?

A
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28
Q

What are the other peritoneal cavity subdivisions? (2)

A

▪ Peritoneal gutters
▪ Peritoneal recesses

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29
Q

Peritoneal Cavity Subdivision

Clinical POV: (2)

A

▪Pathways for fluid
accumulation
▪Infection and inflammation spread

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30
Q

What is the transverse mesocolon?

A

Superior recess of mental bursa

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31
Q

What does the greater peritoneal sac subdivide?

A
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32
Q

What is the greater peritoneal sac connected by?

A
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33
Q

Lesser peritoneal sac —> omental ____.

A

bursa

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34
Q

What is the lesser peritoneal sac? (4)

A

▪ Posterior to stomach and lesser omentum
▪ Superior recess extends behind liver
▪ Inferior recess between layers of the greater omentum
▪ Permits free movement of stomach

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35
Q

What is the lesser peritoneal sac? (4)

A

▪ Posterior to stomach and lesser omentum
▪ Superior recess extends behind liver
▪ Inferior recess between layers of the greater omentum
▪ Permits free movement of stomach

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36
Q

What does the lesser peritoneal sac communicate with?

A
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37
Q

What are peritoneal recesses?

A

DISCH
▪Pouches of peritoneum formed by peritoneal folds

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38
Q

What are the types of peritoneal recesses? (5)

A

▪ Duodenal recesses
▪ Caecal recesses
▪ Intersigmoid recess
▪ Subphrenic recesses
▪ Hepatorenal recess

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39
Q

What are the ▪ Caecal recesses? (3) SIR

A

▪Superior ileocaecal
▪Inferior ileocaecal
▪ Retrocaecal

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40
Q

What are the peritoneal gutters (allow the passage of fluid)? (2)

A

▪Paramesenteric gutters
▪Paracolic gutters

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41
Q

▪Paramesenteric gutters: (2)

A
  • Right
  • Left
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42
Q

▪Paracolic gutters: (2)

A

▪ Right
▪ Left

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43
Q

▪Right paracolic gutter→ extensive connections: PHOR = (4)

A
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44
Q

What is the RIGHT paramesenteric gutter defined by? (3)

LAT:
SUP:
MED:

A
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45
Q

What is the LEFT paramesenteric gutter defined by?

MED:
LAT:

A
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46
Q

What is the LEFT paramesenteric gutter defined by?

MED:
LAT:

A
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47
Q

Where does the RIGHT paracolic gutter run from?

48
Q

Where does the RIGHT paracolic gutter run from?

49
Q

What is the splenic flexure of the colon?

50
Q

What is the splenic flexure of the colon?

51
Q

Peritoneal Fluid Circ:

Supracolic =

52
Q

Peritoneal Fluid Circ:

Infracolic =

53
Q

Peritoneal Fluid Circulation:
▪ Right paracolic gutter =

A

either superior or inferior depending on position of patient.

54
Q

Peritoneal Fluid Circulation:

▪ Accumulation on the right, between mesentry of ______ and ______ and ascending colon (no exit)

▪ To the left of the root of the mesentery, between mesentery of jejenum and ileum and ______ ____ (exit inferior)

A

jejenum and ileum

descending colon

55
Q

Peritoneal Fluid Circulation:

▪ Left paracolic gutter:

A

▪ Left paracolic gutter: towards inferior since phrenocolic ligament block superior drainage in supine position

56
Q

What is the clinical relevance of peritoneal adhesions? (4)

57
Q

What is peritoneum? (2)

A
  • Continuous, transparent serous membrane
  • Lines abdominopelvic cavity and invests the viscera
58
Q

Visceral vs Parietal Peritoneum: (6)

59
Q

Similarities between Parietal and Visceral peritoneum: (2)

60
Q

Peritoneal Fluid:

Composition =

A
  • Water, electrolytes and other substances from interstitial fluid in adjacent tissues
  • Proteins, desquamated mesothelial cells, macrophages, fibroblasts & lymphocytes
61
Q

Peritoneal Fluid:

Absorption =

62
Q

What is the applied anatomy of peritoneal fluid? (2)

A
  • Abnormal collection of free fluid in peritoneal cavity- Ascites
  • Procedure for draining of ascitic fluid- Paracentesis Abdominis
63
Q

What is the mesentery? (6)

A
  • Double layer of peritoneum
  • Invagination of the peritoneum by an organ
  • Constitutes a continuity of the visceral and parietal
    peritoneum
  • Provides a means for neurovascular
    communications between the organ and the body wall
  • Has a core of connective tissue containing
    blood and lymphatics, nerves and fat
  • Small intestine mesentery is known as ‘the mesentery’
64
Q
  • Mesenteries related to other specific parts of the
    alimentary canal are named accordingly: (4)
A

o Transversemesocolon
o Sigmoidmesocolon
o Meso-oesophagus
o Mesogastrium

65
Q

What is the omentum? (2)

A
  • Double layered extension of peritoneum
  • Passes from the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum to adjacent organs in the abdominal
    cavity
66
Q

What is the omentum? (2)

A
  • Double layered extension of peritoneum
  • Passes from the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum to adjacent organs in the abdominal
    cavity
67
Q

What is the greater omentum? (4)

68
Q

What is the greater omentum? (4)

69
Q

What is the lesser omentum? (2)

70
Q

Lesser omentum
o Contains the portal triad of structures running between the duodenum and liver in the free edge: (3)

A
  • Portal vein (posteriorly)
  • Common bile duct (right anterior)
  • Hepatic artery (left anterior)
71
Q

What are the peritoneal ligaments?

A
  • Consists of a double layer of peritoneum that connects an organ with another organ or to the abdominal wall
72
Q

Peritoneal ligaments:
* Connections of the liver =

73
Q

Peritoneal ligaments:
* Connections of the liver =

74
Q

Peritoneal ligaments:
* Connections of the stomach =

75
Q
  • Other
    oLienorenal/splenorenalligament-
A

spleen to left kidney

76
Q

What are peritoneal folds?

A
  • Reflection of peritoneum that is raised from the body wall by underlying blood vessels, ducts and ligaments formed by obliterated foetal vessels
77
Q

What are peritoneal folds?

A
  • Reflection of peritoneum that is raised from the body wall by underlying blood vessels, ducts and ligaments formed by obliterated foetal vessels
78
Q
  1. Peritoneal recess/fossa
    * Blind pouch of peritoneum formed by a peritoneal fold:(8)
79
Q

Compartments of the abdominal cavity
* Transverse mesocolon divides abdominal cavity into _____ and _____ compartments.

A

infra colic
supra colic

80
Q
  • Supracolic compartment
    o contains: (3)
A

§ Stomach
§ Liver
§ Spleen

81
Q
  • Supracolic compartment
    Divided by…
82
Q
  • Infracolic compartment-
    o contains: (2)
A
  • Small intestine
  • Ascending and descending colon
83
Q
  • Infracolic compartment lies posterior to the _____ _____.
A

greater omentum

84
Q
  • Infracolic compartment-

o Divided into right and left infracolic spaces by mesentery of the small intestine

  • RIGHT:
  • LEFT:
A
  • Right- extraperitoneal space corresponds to ‘bare area of the liver’
  • Left- around left suprarenal gland & upper pole of left kidney
85
Q

What are the paracolic gutters? (3)

86
Q

Divisions of the peritoneal cavity

  • The peritoneal cavity is divided into the _____ and _____ peritoneal sacs
A

lesser
greater

87
Q

Divisions of the peritoneal cavity

  • The peritoneal cavity is divided into the _____ and _____ peritoneal sacs
A

lesser
greater

88
Q

Divisions of the peritoneal cavity

  • Greater sac-
  • Lesser sac (omental bursa)-
A
  • Greater sac- main and larger part of the peritoneal cavity
  • Lesser sac (omental bursa)- lies posterior to the stomach and lesser omentum
89
Q

Divisions of the peritoneal cavity

  • Greater sac-
  • Lesser sac (omental bursa)-
A
  • Greater sac- main and larger part of the peritoneal cavity
  • Lesser sac (omental bursa)- lies posterior to the stomach and lesser omentum
90
Q

Omental bursa (lesser sac):

  • Superior recess =
A

o Limited superiorly by the diaphragm and posterior layers of the coronary ligament of the liver

91
Q

Omental bursa (lesser sac):

  • Inferior recess = (2)
A

o Between the superior parts of the layers of the greater omentum
* Permits free movement of the stomach on the structures posterior and inferior to it

92
Q
  • Omental foramen (epiploic foramen)- (3)
93
Q
  • Omental foramen (epiploic foramen)

o Boundaries:
- Anterior
- Posterior
- Superior
- Inferior

94
Q
  • Omental foramen (epiploic foramen)

o Boundaries:
- Anterior
- Posterior
- Superior
- Inferior

95
Q

o Internal hernia can occur into omental bursa through _____ foramen

96
Q

o Internal hernia can occur into omental bursa through _____ foramen

97
Q

Rectouterine pouch of Douglas:

A
  • Most dependent part of peritoneal cavity in standing position & of pelvic cavity in supine position in females
98
Q

Rectouterine pouch of Douglas

  • Boundaries:
  • Anterior
  • Posterior
  • Floor
99
Q

Rectouterine pouch of Douglas

  • Boundaries:
  • Anterior
  • Posterior
  • Floor
100
Q
  • Organs present in each abdominal region:
  • Right Hypochondriac: (3)
A

Liver & Gall bladder

Kidney & suprarenal gland,

Colon (hepatic flexure)

101
Q
  • Organs present in each abdominal region:
  • Epigastric: (3)
A

Liver & Transverse colon,

Abdominal aorta & inferior vena cava,

Pylorus & Duodenum (1st part)

102
Q
  • Organs present in each abdominal region:

Left Hypochondriac: (3)

A

Stomach & Spleen

Kidney & Suprarenal gland

Colon (splenic flexure)

103
Q
  • Organs present in each abdominal region:

Right Lumbar (Lateral): (3)

A

Kidney

Ascending colon

Small intestine

104
Q
  • Organs present in each abdominal region:

Umbilical: (8)

A

Transverse colon, Duodenum, pancreas, Abdominal aorta, Inferior vena cava, Small intestine, Iliac vessels

105
Q
  • Organs present in each abdominal region:

Left Lumbar (Lateral): (3)

A

Kidney, Descending colon Pancreas
Small intestine (jejunum)

106
Q
  • Organs present in each abdominal region:

Right Inguinal (Iliac): (2)

A

Caecum, Appendix Small intestine (ileum)

107
Q
  • Organs present in each abdominal region:

Hypogastric: (3)

A

Distensible organs of pelvis e.g. bladder when full;

uterus from 12th week of pregnancy.

Small intestine, Iliac vessels, Spermatic cords

108
Q
  • Organs present in each abdominal region:

Left Inguinal (Iliac): (2)

A

Sigmoid colon

Small intestine

109
Q
  • Classification based on relationship of the viscera with the peritoneum
  • Intraperitoneal organs:
A

o Almost completely covered with visceral peritoneum

110
Q

Secondary retroperitoneal organs: (2)

111
Q

What are the Primary retroperitoneal organs? (4)

112
Q

Intraperitoneal Organs: (9)

113
Q

Intraperitoneal Organs: (9)

114
Q

Secondary retroperitoneal organs: (4)

115
Q

Secondary retroperitoneal organs: (4)

116
Q

Primary retroperitoneal organs: (4)

MBBCh 2- ANAT2020A (60 decks)

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