Extra Abdomen Flashcards
The left lobe of the liver is
found in:
A. Epigastric region
B. Left upper quadrant
C. Umbilical region
D. Left hypochondriac region
E. Right hypochondriac region
A
B
D
A 55-year-old male is admitted to the hospital because of severe weight loss over the preceding 6-month period of
time. Radiographic examination and other tests provide evidence that a tumour is causing portal hypertension. Laboratory studies reveal that
the patient has fatty stool,
malnutrition, and liver hypoxia. At which of the following locations is the tumour most likely located?
A. Hapatogastric ligament
B. Falciform ligament
C. Porta hepatis
D. Right lobe of the liver
E. Left lobe of the liver
C
After a mastectomy, a
musculocutaneous flap is used to restore the thoracic contour in a 34-year-old female patient. The ipsilateral (same side)
rectus abdominis muscle was detached carefully from the surrounding structures and transposed to the thoracic wall. Which of the following landmarks is most often used to locate the inferior end of the posterior, tendinous layer of the
rectus sheath?
A. Linea alba
B. Arcuate line
C. Semilunar line
D. Pectineal line
E. Intercristal line
B
Fusion of the caudal portions of *1/1
the kidneys during embryonic development is most likely to result in which of the following congenital conditions?
A. Renal agenesis
B. Bicornuate uterus
C. Horseshoe kidney
D. Hypospadias
E. Cryptorchidism
C
A 23-year-old woman is
admitted with severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. History taking shows that the pain is acute and has been constant for 4 days. The pain began in the epigastric region and radiated bilaterally around
the chest to just below the
scapulae. Currently the pain is localized in the right hypochondrium. A CT scan examination reveals calcified stones in the
gallbladder. Which of the
following nerves is carrying the afferent fibers of the referred pain?
A. Dorsal primari rami of intercostal nerves
B. Greater (thoracic) splanchnic nerves
C. Vagus nerves
D. Pelvic splanchnic nerves
E. Phrenic nerves
B.
Which of the following are
clinically significant uses of the pyramidalis muscle?
A. Strengthening of pubic symphysis
B. Linea alba tension
C. Skeletal muscle stem cell
extraction
D. Electrophysiology sampling
E. Surgical landmark (e.g., Ceserian sections)
C, D, E
The iliopubic tract:
A. Is seen diverging from the inguinal ligament internally
B. Is a fibrous band parallel and posterior to the inquinal ligament
C. Is a weak point of the posterior abdominal wall
D. Is associated with protection of the myopectineal orifice
E. Is a thickened part of the
endobadominal fascia
B, D, E
The following are contents of the inguinal canal in adults (either directly or as included within other structures):
A. lliohypogastric nerve
B. Round ligament of the uterus
C. Processus vaginalis
D. Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve
E. Ductus deferens
B, E
A 4-year-old male child is
admitted to the hospital with severe vomiting. Radiographic examination and history taking reveals that the boy suffers from an annular pancreas. Which of the following structures is most typically obstructed by this condition?
A. Jejunum
B. Second part of the duodenum
C. First part of the duodenum
D. Pylorus of the stomach
E. Third part of the duodenum
B
A 1-year-old female is admitted to the hospital with a palpable mass within one of her labia majora. Radiographic examination reveals that a loop of intestine has herniated into the visibly enlarged labium
majus. This condition is due to failure of the processus
vaginalis to close off. From
which of the following tissue
layers is the processus derived?
A. Dartos fascia
B. Transversalis fascia
C. Extraperitoneal tissue
D. Internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis
E. Parietal peritoneum
E
Where is the gastro-
oesophageal sphincter?
A. between the diaphragm and the oesophagus
B. between stomach and caecum
C. at the entrance to the stomach
D. between stomach and duodenum
E. mmediately before the external anal sphincter
C
What is the specific function of the longitudinal gastric folds of the gastric canal?
A. Allow fluids to bypass the
stomach for rapid absorption
B. Allow greater storage capacity
C. Allow distention when full
D. Surface area increase for absorption
E. Allow contraction of muscular wall
A
Regarding celiac trunk
anatomical variations:
A. When the left gastric artery arises from aorta directly, the trunk is then referred to as a hepatosplenic trunk
B. The superior mesenteric artery can sometimes arise from the celiac trunk
C. An absence of the trunk and the 3 arteries arising directly from the aorta
is the most common variant
D. When the trunk has 4 branches, the gastroduodenal and the middle colic are usually the additional branches
E. The hepatogastric trunk divides into the splenic and common hepatic artery
A, B, D
A 35-year-old male is admitted to the hospital from the emergency department because of excruciating pain in the back and left shoulder. A CT scan reveals an abscess in the upper part of the left kidney, but no abnormality is detected in the shoulder region. The shoulder pain may be caused by the spread of the inflammation to which of the following neighboring structures?
A. Pancreas
B. Liver
C. Duodenum
D. Descending colon
E. Diaphragm
E
A lobule of the liver contains
several blood vessels. Which
one carries nutrient rich blood from the small intestine?
A. Hepatic artery proper
B. Hepatic portal vein
C. Central vein
D. Bile ductule
E. Renal vein
B
