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MBBCh 2- ANAT2020A > Pelvic Viscera > Flashcards

Pelvic Viscera Flashcards

1
Q

Peritoneum in males:
1-9

A
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2
Q

Peritoneum in females:
1-9

A
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3
Q

What are the ureters? (2)

A
  • Muscular tubes connects
    kidneys to bladder
  • Retroperitoneal
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4
Q

What is the course of the ureters? (5)

A
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5
Q

What is the structure of the bladder? (2)

A
  • Hollow, strong muscular walls (detrusor muscles)
  • Tetrahedral shaped – superior, 2 inferolateral, posterior
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6
Q

What is the apex of the bladder? (2)

A
  • Points: superior edge of pubic symphysis
  • Superior & inferolateral surfaces mee
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7
Q

What is the fundus of the bladder? (3)

A
  • Posterior surface; Opp. apex
  • Inverted triangle (posteroinferior)
  • Ureters enter (upper corners)
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8
Q

What is the inferolateral surface?

A
  • Cradled btw levator ani & obturator internus
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9
Q

What is the body of the bladder?

A
  • Between apex & fundus
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10
Q

What is the neck (exit of urethra) ? (2)

A
  • Fundus & inferolateral surfaces meet
  • Held by lateral ligaments and puboprostatic/ pubovesical
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11
Q

Bladder

____ folds.

A

Mucosal

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12
Q

What is the trigone in the bladder? (2)

A
  • Trigone: ∆ area at fundus
  • Urethra + ureters
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13
Q

What is the Inter-ureteric torus in the bladder?

A
  • Muscular thickening btw. ureteric orifices
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14
Q

What are the supporting structures of the bladder?

Male:
Female:

A
  • Male: puboprostatic ligaments
  • Female: pubovesical ligaments
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15
Q

Bladder:

  • ______ space
A

Retropubic

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16
Q

What are the branches of the internal iliac artery? (2)

MALES

A

= Superior vesical a.
- Anterosuperior part

= Inferior vesical a.
- Fundus and neck

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17
Q

What are the branches of the internal iliac artery? (2)

FEMALES

A
  • Superior vesical a.
  • Anterosuperior part
  • Vaginal a.
  • Fundus and neck
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18
Q

Bladder

  • Correspond to arteries →
    Internal _____ veins
  • Inferior _____ v.
A

iliac
vesical

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19
Q
  • Males:
  • Vesical venous plexus = (3)
A
  • Prostatic venous plexus
  • Fundus, prostate, seminal glands, ductus deferens & inf. ureters
  • Deep dorsal v. of penis
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20
Q
  • Females:
  • Vesical venous plexus = (3)
A
  • Uterovaginal plexus
  • Pelvic part of urethra & neck of bladder
  • Dorsal v. of clitoris
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21
Q

Bladder: Innervation
* Vesical (pelvic) plexus carries _____ and ______ fibres.

A

Bladder: Innervation
* Vesical (pelvic) plexus carries sympathetic and
parasympathetic fibres

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22
Q

Bladder: Innervation
* Parasympathetic: (3)

A
  • Motor to detrusor m. and sensory (pain)
  • S2-S4
  • Pelvic splanchnic nerves & inferior hypogastric plexus
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23
Q

Bladder: Innervation
* Sympathetic: (2)

A
  • Fibers from T11-L2/3
  • Hypogastric plexuses
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24
Q

Urethra
* What is the Prostatic part?

A
  • Widest, most elastic part, (± 3-4cm long)
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25
Q

Where is the prostatic part of the urethra?

A
  • Situated within prostate
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26
Q

What are the contents of the prostatic part of the urethra? (5)

A
  • Urethral crest
  • Prostatic utricle
  • Ejaculatory duct orifices
  • Prostatic sinus
  • 15-20 orifices for prostatic ducts
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27
Q

What is the membranous part of the urethra?

A
  • Narrowest, least elastic part
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28
Q

Where is the membranous part of the urethra situated?

A
  • Situated: urogenital diaphragm (± 1-2cm long)
29
Q

What does the membranous part of the urethra surround?

A
  • Surrounded: urethral sphincter
30
Q

What is the urethra part of the spongy part? (3)

A
  • Runs within corpus
    spongiosum & glans
    (±15cm long)
  • Bulbo-urethral glands
    open into floor
  • Dilated end: navicular
    foss
31
Q

What are the urethral sphincters? (2)

A
  • Internal urethral
    sphincter
  • External urethral
    sphincter
  • From membranous
    urethra to neck of bladder
32
Q

What is the arterial supply of the urethra in MALES?

Proximal: (2)
Distal:

A
  • Proximal
  • Inferior vesical artery
  • Middle rectal
  • Distal
  • Dorsal artery of penis
33
Q

What is the venous drainage of the urethra in MALES?

A
  • Accompanying veins -> prostatic venous plexus
34
Q

What is the innervation of the urethra?

  • Autonomic:
  • Somatic (spongy):
A
  • Autonomic: Prostatic nerve plexus from the inferior
    hypogastric plexus
  • Somatic (spongy): Dorsal n. of the penis (pudendal n.)
35
Q

What is the female urethra?

A
  • Straight tube
36
Q

Where does the female urethra run from? (2)

A
  • Runs from internal urethral
    orifice in bladder distally along anterior wall of vagina
  • No internal urethral sphincter
37
Q

Where does the female urethra open into? (2)

A
38
Q

What is the arterial supply of the the female urethra?

A
  • Internal pudendal and vaginal aa.
39
Q

What is the venous drainage of the female urethra?

A
  • Accompanying veins
40
Q

What is the innervation of the female urethra?

Autonomic:
Somatic:

A
  • Autonomic: inferior hypogastric plexus
  • Somatic: pudendal nerve
41
Q

Where is the rectum continuous from? (2)

A
  • Continuous from sigmoid colon
  • Rectosigmoid junction – S3
  • No teniae coli or omental appendices
42
Q

Where does the rectum end?

A
  • Ends at coccyx
43
Q

Where is the coccyx? (2)

A
  • Start of anal canal
  • Anorectal flexure at levator ani
44
Q

What does the rectum follow?

A
  • Follows curve of sacrum
  • Sacral flexure of rectum
45
Q

What are the flexures of the rectum?

A
  • Superior, intermediate and inferior lateral flexures
  • Transverse rectal folds: sup, mid, inf.
46
Q

What is the blood supply of the rectum? (4)

A
47
Q

What is the venous drainage of the rectum?

A
  • Superior, middle & inferior rectal veins
  • NB! Portacaval anastomosis
47
Q

What is the nervous supply of the rectum?

Sympathetic: (2)

A
  • Lumbar spinal cord
  • Lumbar splanchnic and hypogastric/pelvic plexus
48
Q

What is the nervous supply of the rectum?

Parasympathetic: (3)

A
  • S2-S4 spinal cord
  • Passing via pelvic splanchnic nerves and inf. Hypogastric plexus
  • To rectal plexus
49
Q

Rectum: Relations
* Lateral:

A
  • Pararectal fossae
50
Q

Rectum: Relations
* Posterior:

A
  • Sacrum, coccyx,
    anococcygeal lig.
51
Q

Rectum: Relations

Anterior (FEMALE):

A
  • F: Recto-uterine pouch,
    vagina, cervix of uterus
52
Q

Rectum: Relations

Anterior (MALE):

A
  • M: Rectovesical pouch,
    fundus of urinary bladder,
    terminal parts of ureters,
    ductus deferens, seminal
    glands, prostate
53
Q

What is the Anal canal?

A
  • Terminal part of the digestive system
  • Pelvic diaphragm to anus
54
Q

Anal Canal:

Posterior:
Lateral:

A
  • Posterior
  • Anococcygeal raphe
  • Lateral
  • Ischio-anal fossae
55
Q

What is the external sphincter? (2)

A
  • Striated muscle –
    voluntary
  • Surrounds lower part of
    anal canal
56
Q

What are the 3 parts of the external anal sphincter?

  • Subcutaneous:
  • Superficial:
  • Deep:
A
57
Q

What is the somatic innervation of the anal canal?

A
  • Somatic innervation:
    inferior rectal n.
57
Q

What is the internal anal sphincter? (2)

A
  • Smooth muscle –
    involuntary
  • Thickened circular muscle
    layer
58
Q
  • Internal anal sphincter

Surround:

A

Upper 2/3 part of anal canal

59
Q
  • Internal anal sphincter
    Autonomic innervation:
A
  • Autonomic innervation:
    Inferior hypogastric plexus
60
Q

What is this structure?

A
  • Anorectal sling
  • Puborectal sling
61
Q

What is the anorectal sling junction?

A
  • Junction: rectum & anal canal
  • U-shaped muscular sling
62
Q

What is the anorectal sling formed by?

A
  • Puborectalis
63
Q

What is the junction of the pectinate line? (2)

A
  • Junction: Sup. and inf. anal canal
  • Difference in neurovascular supply
64
Q

Anal canal

Pectinate line: Superior

Artery:
Vein:
Innervation:

A
65
Q

Anal canal

Pectinate line: Inferior

Artery:
Vein:
Innervation:

A
66
Q
A

MBBCh 2- ANAT2020A (60 decks)

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