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MBBCh 2- ANAT2020A > Abdomen Week 2 (B) > Flashcards

Abdomen Week 2 (B) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of the small intestines?

A
  • Primary absorption site
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2
Q

Small intestines

Origin:

A

Pylorus

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3
Q

Small intestines

Termination:

A

ileocecal junction

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4
Q

Small Intestine:

Admission into small intestine controlled by ______.

A

pylorus

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5
Q

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?

A

 Duodenum
 Jejunum
 Ileum

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6
Q

What is the duodenum?

A
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7
Q

Where does the duodenum begin?

A

 Begins at pylorus and terminates at duodenojejunal junction (level of L2)

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8
Q

What are the 4 parts of the duodenum?

  • Superior
  • Descending
  • Horizontal
  • Ascending
A
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9
Q

What is the superior part of the duodenum? (3)

A
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10
Q

What is the descending part of the duodenum?

A
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11
Q

What is the horizontal part of the duodenum?

A
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12
Q

What is the ascending part of the duodenum?

A
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13
Q

What is the arterial supply of the duodenum?

A

Following embryological origin of the gut

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14
Q

Foregut: above major _____
Midgut: below foregut, until ____ ______

A

duodenal
hind guts

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15
Q

Duodenum:
- Proximal to opening of bile duct (foregut):

A
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16
Q

Duodenum:
- Distal to opening of bile duct (midgut):

A
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17
Q
  • Veins follow arterial supply but drain either directly or indirectly into _____ vein
A

portal

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18
Q

Lymphatic drainage duodenum:

  • Anterior lymphatic vessels:
  • Posterior lymphatic vessels:
A
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19
Q

Duodenum innervation:

  • Vagus + greater & lesser abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves via: (3)
A
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20
Q

What is the most common ulcer? (2)

A
  • Gastric most common
  • Duodenum second most common
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21
Q
  • Helicobacter ____ infection
  • Chronic _____ predisposes
A

pylori
anxiety

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22
Q
  • Acid secretion —> weaken _____ —> H. pylori erodes into wall
  • Eroding into arteries —> life threatening _____
A

mucosa
bleeds

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23
Q

What does the vagus nerve control?

A
  • Vagus nerves controls acid secretion
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24
Q

Vagotomy =

A

old treatment of ulcers

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25
Q

Ulcer treatment:

A
  • Prevention mostly today
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26
Q

What is the duodenum?

A
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27
Q

Duodenum

Extent:

A
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28
Q

Duodenum

Shape:

A

C-shaped with convexity to the right side and concavity enclosing the head of the pancreas.

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29
Q

Duodenum

Location:

A

epigastric and umbilical regions

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30
Q

Duodenum

  • Parts: (4)
A

superior, descending, inferior and ascending

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31
Q

Duodenum

  • Common bile duct and ______ ducts open into descending part
  • Duodenojejunal flexure is widened by _______ muscle of the duodenum (ligament of Treitz)
A

pancreatic
suspensory

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32
Q

Duodenum

  • Common bile duct and ______ ducts open into descending part
  • Duodenojejunal flexure is widened by _______ muscle of the duodenum (ligament of Treitz)
A

pancreatic
suspensory

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33
Q

Superior (A&B)
* 5cm
* Lies at L1

Anterior:
Posterior:
Medial:
Superior:
Inferior:

A
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34
Q

Descending (C)
* 8.5cm
* Lies at L1-L3

Anterior:
Posterior:
Medial:
Superior:
Inferior:

A
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35
Q

Inferior (D)
* 7cm
* Lies at L3

Anterior:
Posterior:
Medial:
Superior:
Inferior:

A
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36
Q

Ascending (E)
5cm
Runs superomedially (left to right) from L3-L2

Anterior:
Posterior:
Medial:
Superior:
Inferior:

A
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37
Q

Neurovasculature and lymphatics:

Venous drainage:

A
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38
Q

Neurovasculature and lymphatics:

Lymphatic drainage:

A
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39
Q

Neurovasculature and lymphatics:

Innervation:

A
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40
Q

Arterial supply of the duodenum:

A
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41
Q

What is the liver? (2)

A
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42
Q

What does the liver occupy? (3)

A
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43
Q

Where are the functions of the liver? (3)

A
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44
Q

Liver surfaces:

▪ Convex diaphragmatic surface: (2)

A

▪Bare area
▪Subphrenic recesses

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45
Q

Liver surfaces:

▪ Flat to concave visceral surface: (2)

A

▪Hepatorenal recess ▪Subhepatic space

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46
Q

Inferior border:

A
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47
Q

What are the features of the diaphragmatic surface of the liver? (4)

A
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48
Q

What are the features of the visceral surface of the liver? (5)

A
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49
Q

What do the two saggital fissures & transverse ports hepatic form?

A

Form H

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50
Q

Visceral surface

  • Right fissure:
A
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51
Q

Visceral surface

  • Right fissure:
A
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52
Q

Visceral surface

  • Left fissure:
A
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53
Q

What are the ligaments associated with the lesser omentum? (2)

A
54
Q

What are the ligaments associated with the lesser omentum? (2)

A
55
Q

Identify the border highlighted in green:

A
56
Q

Identify the border highlighted in green:

A
57
Q

What are the impressions of the liver?

A
58
Q

Liver - Blood supply and drainage:

  • Portal vein: (3)
A
59
Q

Liver - Blood supply and drainage:

  • Hepatic artery: (3)
A
60
Q

Liver - Blood supply and drainage:

  • Central veins:
A
61
Q

What are the anatomical lobes of the liver? (4)

A
62
Q

Liver

What do the tertiary divisions supply?

A
63
Q

Liver

What do the secondary divisions supply?

A
64
Q

Liver

Left lobe:

A

▪Left lobe – left anterior & posterior lateral segments

65
Q

Liver

Right lobe:

A

▪Right lobe – left medial segment, right anterior & posterior medial segments and right anterior & posterior lateral segments

66
Q

Liver

Caudate lobe:

A

Posterior segment

67
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the liver?

A
68
Q

Lymphatic drainage in liver
Superficial lymphatic:

A

▪Superficial lymphatics in subperitoneal fibrous capsule of the liver

69
Q

Lymphatic drainage in liver
▪Deep lymphatics:

A

▪Deep lymphatics in connective tissue around vessels (portal triad & hepatic veins)

70
Q

Lymphatic drainage in liver

▪Superficially anterior →

A
71
Q

Lymphatic drainage in liver

▪ Superficially posterior of both _______ and visceral surfaces→ bare area of liver→______ lymph nodes→through diaphragm→ posterior _____ lymph nodes

A

diaphragmatic
phrenic
mediastinal

72
Q

Lymphatic drainage in liver

▪ Posterior surface of left lobe→

A

left gastric lymph nodes

73
Q

Lymphatic drainage in liver

▪ Anterior central diaphragmatic surface, along falciform ligament →

A

parasternal lymph nodes

74
Q

Lymphatic drainage in liver

▪Round ligament of liver→

A

umbilicus →lymphatics of anterior abdominal wall

75
Q

Liver - innervation:

▪ Sympathetic -

A

coeliac ganglion (greater splanchnic)

76
Q

Liver - innervation:

▪ Parasympathetic –

A

anterior & posterior vagal trunks

77
Q

Liver - innervation

Vasoconstriction function:

A

Limit amount of blood in and out of the liver

78
Q

What are biliary ducts?

A

▪ Carry bile from liver to duodenum

79
Q

Biliary ducts
- Hepatocytes:

A

▪ Hepatocytes → bile canaliculi → interlobular biliary ducts → collecting bile ducts→left & right hepatic ducts→ porta hepatis→ common hepatic duct →(joined by cystic duct) bile duct

80
Q

Liver:

  • Largest and heaviest gland
  • Wedge-shaped or roughly _______ with dark reddish-brown colour
  • Weight: __.__% of adult body weight
    o Heavier in males
    o Relatively larger in foetuses and _____-_____
A

triangular
2.5
new-borns

81
Q

What are the functions of the liver? (5)

A
  • Functions:
    1. Secretes bile
    2. Synthesises proteins
    3. Metabolism of all nutrients except fat
    4. Stores glycogen
    5. Destruction of RBCs and toxins
82
Q

Where is the liver located? (4)

A
83
Q

What are the surfaces of the liver?

  • Diaphragmatic and visceral surfaces separated by sharp inferior border
A
  1. Convex diaphragmatic surface
  2. Concave visceral surface
84
Q

Surfaces of the liver:

  1. Convex diaphragmatic surface
    o Formed by anterior, superior and part of the posterior surfaces

o Subphrenic recesses: (3)

A
85
Q

Surfaces of the liver:

  1. Convex diaphragmatic surface

Anterior surface:

A
  • Diaphragm separates it from 6-10 costal cartilages on the right and 7-8 costal cartilages on the left
86
Q

Surfaces of the liver:

  1. Convex diaphragmatic surface

Superior surface: (3)

A
87
Q

Surfaces of the liver:

  1. Convex diaphragmatic surface

Posterior surface:

A
  • Against vertebral column
88
Q

Surfaces of the liver:

  1. Concave visceral surface
    o Portahepatis:
A
  • Transverse fissure for portal triad, hepatic nerve plexus and lymphatics
89
Q

Surfaces of the liver:

  1. Concave visceral surface
    o H-shaped right and left sagittal fissures: (2)
A
90
Q

Surfaces of the liver:

o Impressions and relations of the visceral surface: (6)

A
91
Q

What are the peritoneal ligaments? (6)

A
92
Q

What are the lobes of the liver?

A
  • Larger left lobe and smaller right lobe separated by falciform ligament and left sagittal fissure
93
Q

Lobes of the liver:

  • Transverse porta hepatis separates right lobe between right and left sagittal fissures into: (2)
A

o Quadrate-anterior and inferior
o Caudate-posterior and superior

94
Q

Lobes of the liver:

  • Transverse porta hepatis separates right lobe between right and left sagittal fissures into: (2)
A

o Quadrate-anterior and inferior
o Caudate-posterior and superior

95
Q

What are the functional segments of the liver?

A
  • 8 segments each having its own branch of the hepatic artery, portal vein and bile duct
96
Q

Left segment

Division:
Segment:
Lobe:

A
97
Q

Right segment

Division:
Segment:
Lobe:

A
98
Q

STUDY:

A
99
Q

Blood supply, Venous drainage, Lymph drainage and innervation of liver: (4)

A
100
Q

What is the bile duct? (4)

A
101
Q

Bile duct:

▪ Main pancreatic and bile ducts unite in wall of
duodenum, form _________ ampulla in open into duodenum as major duodenal _____.

A

hepatopancreatic
papilla

102
Q

What is the sphincter of the bile duct?

A
103
Q

What I the gallbladder?

A

▪ 7-10 cm long pear-shaped organ

104
Q

Where does the gallbladder lie?

A

▪ Lies in fossa for gallbladder (visceral surface of liver) attached by connective tissue of fibrous capsule of liver

105
Q

What are the 3 parts of the gallbladder?

A
106
Q

What is the blood supply of the gallbladder?

A
107
Q

What is the venous drainage of the gallbladder?

▪Neck and cystic duct→
▪Fundus & body→

A
108
Q

What is the venous drainage of the gallbladder?

▪Neck and cystic duct→
▪Fundus & body→

A
108
Q

What is the cystic duct of the gallbladder?

A
109
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the gallbladder?

▪ Cystic lymph nodes (near neck) →

A
110
Q

Gallbladder innervation:
- Coeliac ganglia:

A

▪ Coeliac ganglia (greater splanchnic) – sympathetic & visceral afferent fibres (pain)

111
Q

Gallbladder innervation:
- Coeliac ganglia:

A

▪ Coeliac ganglia (greater splanchnic) – sympathetic & visceral afferent fibres (pain)

112
Q

Gallbladder innervation:

▪ Vagus nerve –

A
113
Q

Gallbladder innervation

▪Right phrenic nerve –

A
114
Q

What is liver cirrhosis?

A
115
Q

What is liver cirrhosis?

A
116
Q

What is cholelithiasis?

A
117
Q

What is the gallbladder?

A
  • Piriform-shaped sac lying in its fossa on the visceral surface of the liver
  • Length: 7-10cm
  • Breadth: 3cm at widest
  • Capacity: 30-50ml
  • Function: storage, concentration and release of bile
118
Q

Parts of the gallbladder:
Fundus =

A
119
Q

Parts of the gallbladder:
Body =

A
120
Q

Parts of the gallbladder:
Neck =

A
121
Q

What is the cystic duct? (2)

A

Cystic duct:
* 3-4cm long
* Connects the neck of the gallbladder to the common hepatic duct

122
Q

Cystic duct:
* Mucosa of the neck spirals into the spiral fold…(3)

A
123
Q

Cystic duct:
* Mucosa of the neck spirals into the spiral fold…(3)

A
124
Q

Blood supply, venous drainage, lymph drainage, innervation:of the gallbladder:

A
125
Q

What is the path to the common bile duct?

A
126
Q

How does the bile duct form?

A
  • Forms in the free edge of the lesser omentum by union of common hepatic and cystic ducts
127
Q

How does the bile duct form?

A
  • Forms in the free edge of the lesser omentum by union of common hepatic and cystic ducts
128
Q

Bile duct:
* Course: (4)

A
129
Q

What is the blood supply of the bile duct? (3)

A
130
Q

What is the venous drainage of the bile duct? (2)

A
131
Q

What is the applied anatomy of the bile duct? (4)

A

MBBCh 2- ANAT2020A (60 decks)

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