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MBBCh 2- ANAT2020A > Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses > Flashcards

Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nose? (2)

A
  • Part of the respiratory tract superior to the hard palate and contains the peripheral organ of small
  • Includes the external nose and nasal cavity divided by the nasal septum
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2
Q

What are the functions of the nose? (5)

A

o Olfaction (smelling)
o Respiration
o Filtration of dust
o Humidification of inspired air
o Reception and elimination of secretions from the paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal ducts

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3
Q

External Nose:
* Dorsum of the nose:

A

o Extends from the root to the apex

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4
Q

External Nose:
* Nares: (2)

A

o 2 piriform openings piercing the inferior surface of the nose
o Bond laterally by the alae

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5
Q

External Nose:
* Vestibule: (2)

A

o Entrance of the nose with various vibrissae (stiff nasal hairs)
o Vibrissae filter dust particles from air entering the nasal cavity since they are usually moist

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6
Q

Skeleton of the External Nose
* Bony part: (3)

A

o Nasal bones
o Frontal processes of maxillae
o Nasal part of frontal bone

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7
Q

Skeleton of the External Nose
* Cartilaginous part: (3)

A

o 2 lateral cartilages
o 2 alar cartilages
- U-shaped and move freely
- Dilate or constrict the nares when the muscles
acting on the nose contract
o 1 septal cartilage

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8
Q

What is the Nasal Septum?

A

Divides the chamber of the nose into 2 nasal cavities.

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9
Q

Bones forming nasal septum: (3)

A
  • Perpendicular plate of ethmoid
  • Vomer
  • Nasal crests of maxillary and palatine bones
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10
Q

Bones forming nasal septum:
* Perpendicular plate of ethmoid: (2)

A

o Forms the superior part of the septum
o Descends form the cribriform plate and is
continuous superiorly with the crista galli

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11
Q

Bones forming nasal septum:
* Vomer:

A

o Forms the posteroinferior part of the
septum

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12
Q

Bones forming nasal septum:
* Nasal crests of maxillary and palatine bones:

A

o Little contribution

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13
Q

What is the cartilage forming the nasal septum?

A
  • Septal cartilage
    o Has tongue-and-groove articulation with
    the edges of the bony septum
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14
Q

What are the Nasal Cavities? (2)

A
  • Entered anteriorly through the nares
  • Opens posteriorly into the nasopharynx through the choanae
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15
Q

What are the nasal cavities lined with? (2)

A
  • Lined by mucosa except for the nasal vestibule which is lined with skin
  • Mucosa is firmly bound to the periosteum and perichondrium
    o Continuous with the lining of the nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses, lacrimal sac and conjunctiva
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16
Q

Nasal cavities
* Inferior 2/3 is the ______ area and superior 1/3 is the ______ area
* Air is warmed and moistened in the respiratory area before passing to the lungs

A

respiratory
olfactory

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17
Q

Boundaries of Nasal Cavities
* Roof: (4)

A

o Frontal bone
o Nasal bones
o Ethmoid bone (cribriform plate)
o Body of sphenoid

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18
Q

Boundaries of Nasal Cavities
* Floor: (2)

A

o Palatine process of maxilla
o Horizontal plate of palatine

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19
Q

Boundaries of Nasal Cavities
* Medial wall:

A

o Nasal septum

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20
Q

Boundaries of Nasal Cavities
* Lateral wall:

A

o Superior and middle nasal conchae of the ethmoid bone
o Inferior nasal concha

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21
Q

Features of Nasal Cavities
* Nasal conchae:

o Curve __________
o Scroll-like structures and highly convoluted
o Offer vast surface area for heat exchange
o Nasal meatus- underlies each of the bony formations
o Inferior concha is the ______ and _______
o Covered by a mucous membrane that contains large vascular spaces that can enlarge affecting the ______ of the nasal cavity
o When infected or irritated- mucosa covering the _______ may well rapidly blocking the nasal
passages

A

inferomedially
longest
broadest
caliber
conchae

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22
Q
  • The cavity is divided into 5 passages: (5)
A

o Spheno-ethmoidal recess
o Superior nasal meatus
o Middle nasal meatus
o Inferior nasal meatus
o Common nasal meatus

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23
Q

o Spheno-ethmoidal recess: (2)

A
  • Posterosuperior to the superior nasal concha
  • Receives the opening of the sphenoidal sinus
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24
Q

o Superior nasal meatus: (2)

A
  • Narrow passage between the superior and the middle nasal conchae
  • Posterior ethmoidal sinuses open here
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25
Q

o Middle nasal meatus: (2)

A
  • Longer and deeper than the superior nasal meatus
  • Anterosuperior part opens into the ethmoidal infundibulum through which it communicates
    with the frontal sinus
26
Q

Middle nasal meatus:
Frontonasal duct-

A

Frontonasal duct- passage leading inferiorly from the frontal sinus to the infundibulum

27
Q

Middle nasal meatus:
Semilunar hiatus-

A

Semilunar hiatus- groove into which the frontal sinus opens

28
Q

Middle nasal meatus:
Ethmoidal bulla-

A

Ethmoidal bulla- rounded elevation located superior to the semilunar hiatus

29
Q

Ethmoidal bulla:
* Visible when the _____ _______ is removed
* Formed by the middle ethmoidal cells that form the ethmoidal _________.

A

middle concha
sinuses

30
Q

Inferior nasal meatus: (2)

A
  • Horizontal passage inferolateral to the inferior nasal concha
  • Nasolacrimal duct opens into the anterior part
31
Q

Common nasal meatus:

A
  • All 4 lateral passages open here
32
Q

Vasculature and Innervation of the Nose
Blood supply: (5)

A
  1. Anterior ethmoidal a. (from ophthalmic a.)
  2. Posterior ethmoidal a. (from ophthalmic a.)
  3. Sphenopalatine a. (from maxillary a.)
  4. Greater palatine a. (from maxillary a.)
  5. Septal branch of superior labial a. (from facial a.)
33
Q

Vasculature and Innervation of the Nose
* First 3 arteries divide into ______ and ______ branches

A
  • First 3 arteries divide into lateral and septal branches
34
Q
  • Greater palatine a. reaches the septum via the _____ _____.
A

incisive canal

35
Q

What is the Kiesselbach area?

A

Kiesselbach area- anterior part of the nasal septum that is the site of an anastomotic arterial plexus involving all 5 arteries.

36
Q

What is the external nose supplied by?

A
  • External nose supplied by anterior ethmoidal a. and superior labial a.
    o Also supplied by infraorbital a. and lateral nasal br. of facial a.
37
Q

Venous Drainage:
* Submucosal venous plexus: (2)

A

o Deep to nasal mucosa
o Drains the nose via
- Sphenopalatine v.
- Facial v.
- Ophthalmic v.

38
Q

Venous Drainage:
* Plays a role in __________
o Exhanges heat and warms air before entering the lungs

A

thermoregulation

39
Q

How is the external nose drained?

A
  • External nose drained by facial v. via angular and lateral nasal vv.
40
Q

Innervation:
* Posteroinferior portion: (2)

A

maxillary nerve
o Nasopalatine n. – to septum
o Posterior superior and inferior lateral nasal nn. of greater palatine n. – to lateral wall

41
Q

Innervation:
* Anterosuperior portion:

A

ophthalmic nerve
o Anterior and posterior ethmoidal nn. of nasociliary n.

42
Q

Innervation:
* External nose: (2)

A

o From ophthalmic n. – Infratrochlear n. and external nasal br. of anterior ethmoidal n.
o From maxillary n. – Nasal br of infraorbital n. (to alae)

43
Q

Innervation:
* Special sensory:

A

o Olfactory nn.

44
Q

Paranasal Sinuses: (2)

A
  • Air-filled extensions of the respiratory part of the nasal cavity
  • Decrease the weight of the anterior skull and increase vocal resonance
45
Q

How are paranasal sinuses named?

A
  • Named according to the bones in which they are located
46
Q
  • Sinuses continue to invade the surrounding bone and extensions are common in _____ people
A

old

47
Q

What are the frontal sinuses? (2)

A
  • Right and left frontal sinuses are between inner and outer tables of the frontal bone
  • Posterior to the superciliary arches and the root of the nose
48
Q

Frontal sinuses:
How are they drained?

A
  • Drain through the frontonasal duct into the ethmoidal infundibulum which opens into the semilunar hiatus of the middle nasal meatus
49
Q

Frontal sinuses:
How are they innervated?

A
  • Innervated by branches of the supra-orbital nn. of the ophthalmic n.
50
Q

What are the Ethmoidal cells/Ethmoidal sinuses?

A
  • Small invaginations of the mucous membrane of the middle and superior nasal meatus into the ethmoid bone between the nasal cavity and the orbit
51
Q

Ethmoidal cells/Ethmoidal sinuses:
* Anterior ethmoidal cells drain into the middle nasal meatus through the ethmoidal ________
* Middle ethmoidal cells (ethmoidal bulla) open directly into the middle _______
* _______ ethmoidal cells open directly into the superior meatus

A

infundibulum
meatus
Posterior

52
Q

Ethmoidal cells/Ethmoidal sinuses:
How are they innervated?

A
  • Innervated by anterior and posterior ethmoidal br. of nasociliary nn. from ophthalmic n.
53
Q

What are the Sphenoidal sinuses? (2)

A
  • Located in the body of the sphenoid (may extend into the wings)
  • Derived from the posterior ethmoidal cells that invade the sphenoid
54
Q

Sphenoidal sinuses:
* Opens into the ______-______ recess

A

spheno-ethmoidal

55
Q

Sphenoidal sinuses:
How are they innervated?

A
  • Supplied by the posterior ethmoidal arteries and nerves
56
Q

What are the maxillary sinuses? (2)

A
  • Largest of the paranasal sinuses
  • Occupy the body of the maxillae and communicate with the middle nasal meatus
57
Q

Maxillary sinuses:
o Apex-
o Base-
o Roof-
o Floor-

A

o Apex- extends toward zygomatic bone
o Base- inferior part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
o Roof- floor of the orbit
o Floor- alveolar part of the maxilla

58
Q

Maxillary sinuses:
How are they drained?

A
  • Drains into openings called ostia (singular- ostium) into the middle nasal meatus through the semilunar hiatus
59
Q

Maxillary sinuses:
* Arterial supply:

A

o superior alveolar branches of maxillary a.
o descending and greater palatine aa. supply the floor

60
Q

Maxillary sinuses:
Innervation:

A
  • innervated by anterior, middle and posterior superior alveolar nn. of the maxillary n.

MBBCh 2- ANAT2020A (60 decks)

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