Face and Scalp

Question 1

Extent:

o Anteriorly-
o Posteriorly-
o Laterally-

Answer 1

o Anteriorly- superciliary arches
o Posteriorly- external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal line
o Laterally- continues inferiorly to zygomatic arch

Question 2

Layers of the scalp: (5)

Answer 2

1. Skin
2. Connective tissue (dense)
3. Aponeurosis
4. Loose connective tissue
5. Pericranium

Question 3

What are the features of the skin of the scalp? (3)

Answer 3

o Thin, except in occipital region
o Contains sweat and sebaceous glands and hair follicles
o Abundant blood supply and lymph drainage

Question 4

What are the features of the connective tissue (dense) of the scalp? (2)

Answer 4

o Thick, dense richly vascularised subcutaneous layer
o Well innervated

Question 5

What are the features of the Aponeurosis of the scalp? (2)

Answer 5

o Broad, strong, tendinous sheet covering the calvaria (top of the skull)
o Attachment for occipitofrontalis, temporoparietalis and superior auricular muscles

Question 6

What are the features of the Loose connective tissue of the scalp? (2)

Answer 6

o Sponge-like layer with potential spaces
o Allows for movement of the scalp proper (first 3 layers)

Question 7

What are the features of the Pericranium of the scalp?

Answer 7

o Dense connective tissue forming external periosteum of neurocranium

Question 8

Blood supply to scalp: (2)
o Terminal branches of ophthalmic artery from internal carotid artery

Answer 8

• Supratrochlear a.
• Supraorbital a.

Question 9

Blood supply to scalp: (3)
o Branches of external carotid artery

Answer 9

• Occipital a.
• Posterior auricular a.
• Superficial temporal a.

Question 10

Scalp innervation:
o Trigeminal nerve (all 3 branches)
o Spinal nerves: (3)

Answer 10

• Greater occipital nerve (posterior ramus of C2)
• Lesser occipital nerve (anterior rami of C2&C3)
• Great auricular nerve (anterior rami of C2&C3)

Anterior rami of C2&C3 from cervical plexus

Question 11

Face

Cutaneous (sensory) innervation of the face

CNV1: (5)

Answer 11

Question 12

Face

Cutaneous (sensory) innervation of the face

CNV2: (2)

Answer 12

Question 13

Face

Cutaneous (sensory) innervation of the face

CNV3: (3)

Answer 13

Question 14

What are the nerves of the posterior rami? (4)

Answer 14

Question 15

Forehead:
Muscle

Answer 15

Occipitofrontalis

Question 16

Forehead
Innervation: (2)

Answer 16

Front belly- temporal branch
Occipital belly- posterior auricular nerve

Question 17

Forehead
Other:

Answer 17

Occipital belly retracts scalp to increase effect of
frontal belly

Question 18

Eye
Corrugator supercilii
Innervation:

Answer 18

Temporal branch

Question 19

Eye
Orbicularis oculi
Innervation: (2)

Answer 19

Palpebral part- temporal branch
Orbital part- zygomatic branch

Question 20

Eye
Orbicularis oculi
Other: (2)

Answer 20

Palpebral part- closes eyes gently
Orbital part- closes eyes tightly

Question 21

Nose
Muscles: (3)

Answer 21

Procerus
Nasalis
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

Question 22

Nose
Innervation:

Answer 22

Buccal branch

Question 23

Nose
Nasalis
Other features: (2)

Answer 23

Transverse part- wrinkles skin over dorsum of nose

Alar part- flares nostrils

Question 24

Mouth:
Muscle: (9)

Answer 24

Question 25

Mouth: 1. Orbicularis oris 2. Levator labii superioris 3. Zygomaticus minor 4. Zygomaticus major 5. Buccinator 6. Levator anguli oris 7. Risorius Innervation:

Answer 25

Buccal branch

Question 26

Mouth: 8. Depressor anguli oris 9. Depressor labii inferioris Mentalis Innervation:

Answer 26

Marginal mandibular branch

Question 27

Mouth: Platysma Innervation:

Answer 27

Cervical branches

Question 28

What is the Modiolus?

Answer 28

Modiolus- common insertion on the corners of the mouth

Question 29

* All muscles innervated by terminal branches of fascial nerve (CN VII) from ____ _______ * Most originate from the skull surface and insert into the _______ of the skin * Originate embryologically from ____ ________ arch

Answer 29

parotid plexus dermis 2nd pharyngeal

Question 30

Main action of facial muscles:

Answer 30

Question 31

Motor innervation of the face:

Answer 31

Question 32

Blood supply to the face * Facial artery (facial branches): (4)

Answer 32

o 4th branch of external carotid o Ascends deep to submandibular gland o Winds around inferior border of mandible and enters face o Has 4 facial branches

Question 33

1. Inferior labial

Answer 33

Arises near angle of mouth and runs medially in lower lip

Question 34

2. Superior labial

Answer 34

Arises near angle of mouth and runs medially in upper lip

Question 35

3. Lateral nasal

Answer 35

Arises as facial artery ascends up the nose and passes to ala of nose

Question 36

4. Angular

Answer 36

Terminal branch- passes to medial angle of eye

Question 37

Lymph drainage of the face and scalp: * Lymph from the lateral part of the face and scalp and eyelids drains....

Answer 37

to the superficial parotid lymph nodes

Question 38

Lymph drainage of the face and scalp: Lymph from the deep parotid nodes drains to...

Answer 38

to the deep cervical lymph nodes

Question 39

Lymph drainage of the face and scalp: Lymph from the upper lip and lateral parts of the lower lip drains to...

Answer 39

to the submandibular lymph nodes.

Question 40

Lymph drainage of the face and scalp: Lymph from the chin and central part of the lower lip drains to...

Answer 40

to the submental lymph nodes.