Face and Scalp Flashcards
Extent:
o Anteriorly-
o Posteriorly-
o Laterally-
o Anteriorly- superciliary arches
o Posteriorly- external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal line
o Laterally- continues inferiorly to zygomatic arch
Layers of the scalp: (5)
- Skin
- Connective tissue (dense)
- Aponeurosis
- Loose connective tissue
- Pericranium
What are the features of the skin of the scalp? (3)
o Thin, except in occipital region
o Contains sweat and sebaceous glands and hair follicles
o Abundant blood supply and lymph drainage
What are the features of the connective tissue (dense) of the scalp? (2)
o Thick, dense richly vascularised subcutaneous layer
o Well innervated
What are the features of the Aponeurosis of the scalp? (2)
o Broad, strong, tendinous sheet covering the calvaria (top of the skull)
o Attachment for occipitofrontalis, temporoparietalis and superior auricular muscles
What are the features of the Loose connective tissue of the scalp? (2)
o Sponge-like layer with potential spaces
o Allows for movement of the scalp proper (first 3 layers)
What are the features of the Pericranium of the scalp?
o Dense connective tissue forming external periosteum of neurocranium
Blood supply to scalp: (2)
o Terminal branches of ophthalmic artery from internal carotid artery
- Supratrochlear a.
- Supraorbital a.
Blood supply to scalp: (3)
o Branches of external carotid artery
- Occipital a.
- Posterior auricular a.
- Superficial temporal a.
Scalp innervation:
o Trigeminal nerve (all 3 branches)
o Spinal nerves: (3)
- Greater occipital nerve (posterior ramus of C2)
- Lesser occipital nerve (anterior rami of C2&C3)
- Great auricular nerve (anterior rami of C2&C3)
Anterior rami of C2&C3 from cervical plexus
Face
Cutaneous (sensory) innervation of the face
CNV1: (5)
Face
Cutaneous (sensory) innervation of the face
CNV2: (2)
Face
Cutaneous (sensory) innervation of the face
CNV3: (3)
What are the nerves of the posterior rami? (4)
Forehead:
Muscle
Occipitofrontalis
Forehead
Innervation: (2)
Front belly- temporal branch
Occipital belly- posterior auricular nerve
Forehead
Other:
Occipital belly retracts scalp to increase effect of
frontal belly
Eye
Corrugator supercilii
Innervation:
Temporal branch
Eye
Orbicularis oculi
Innervation: (2)
Palpebral part- temporal branch
Orbital part- zygomatic branch
Eye
Orbicularis oculi
Other: (2)
Palpebral part- closes eyes gently
Orbital part- closes eyes tightly
Nose
Muscles: (3)
Procerus
Nasalis
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
Nose
Innervation:
Buccal branch
Nose
Nasalis
Other features: (2)
Transverse part- wrinkles skin over dorsum of nose
Alar part- flares nostrils
Mouth:
Muscle: (9)
Mouth:
- Orbicularis oris
- Levator labii superioris
- Zygomaticus minor
- Zygomaticus major
- Buccinator
- Levator anguli oris
- Risorius
Innervation:
Buccal branch
Mouth:
- Depressor anguli oris
- Depressor labii inferioris
Mentalis
Innervation:
Marginal mandibular branch
Mouth:
Platysma
Innervation:
Cervical branches
What is the Modiolus?
Modiolus- common insertion on the corners of the
mouth
- All muscles innervated by terminal branches of fascial nerve (CN VII) from ____ _______
- Most originate from the skull surface and insert into the _______ of the skin
- Originate embryologically from ____ ________ arch
parotid plexus
dermis
2nd pharyngeal
Main action of facial muscles:
Motor innervation of the face:
Blood supply to the face
* Facial artery (facial branches): (4)
o 4th branch of external carotid
o Ascends deep to submandibular gland
o Winds around inferior border of mandible and
enters face
o Has 4 facial branches
- Inferior labial
Arises near angle of mouth and runs medially
in lower lip
- Superior labial
Arises near angle of mouth and runs medially
in upper lip
- Lateral nasal
Arises as facial artery ascends up the nose and passes to ala of nose
- Angular
Terminal branch- passes to medial angle of eye
Lymph drainage of the face and scalp:
* Lymph from the lateral part of the face and scalp and eyelids drains….
to the superficial parotid lymph nodes
Lymph drainage of the face and scalp:
Lymph from the deep parotid nodes drains to…
to the deep cervical lymph nodes
Lymph drainage of the face and scalp:
Lymph from the upper lip and lateral parts of the lower lip drains to…
to the submandibular lymph nodes.
Lymph drainage of the face and scalp:
Lymph from the chin and central part of the lower lip drains to…
to the submental lymph nodes.
