Abdomen MCQ Flashcards
The transpyloric plane:
A. Transects the body through L1 vertebra
B. Is midway between the xiphisternum and the pubic symphysis
C. Crosses through the neck of the pancreas
D. Marks the level of termination of the spinal cord
E. Cuts through the neck of the gall bladder
A. True – The plane passes through the lower border of the L1 vertebra
B. False – The plane lies midway between the jugular notch (upper border of the manubrium) and symphysis pubis
C. False – The plane passes through the head, neck and body of the pancreas
D. True – The spinal cord ends at L1 vertebral level
E. True – It cuts each costal margin at the tip of the ninth costal cartilage, which is at the lateral border of the rectus abdominis; deep to this point on the right side lies the fundus of the gall bladder
Regarding the anterior abdominal wall:
A. Skin around the umbilicus is supplied by the 10th nerve thoracic spinal
B. The transpyloric plane marks the level of the hila of the kidneys
C. The intertubercular plane lies at the level of the pubic tubercles
D. The subcostal plane is at the L3 vertebral level
E. Nerves of the anterior abdominal wall lie between the internal
oblique and external oblique muscles
A. True– Dermatomes over the xiphoid process is T7, over the umbilicus
is T10 and over the pubis – L1
B. True - The hila of the kidneys lie at this plane, the right just below and the left just above it
C. False – Intertubercular plane passes through the tubercles of iliac
crests and body of L5 vertebra
D. True – The subcostal plane passes through the lower border of
the 10th costal cartilage and body of L3 vertebra
E. False – Nerves of the anterior abdominal wall lie between internal
oblique and transversus abdominis muscle
At the transpyloric plane:
A. the common iliac artery commences
B. the superior mesenteric artery arises from the aorta
C. the splenic vein joins the superior mesenteric vein to form the
portal vein
D. the neck of the pancreas is located
E. the inferior vena cava commenses
A. False – The abdominal aorta divides into the two common iliac arteries at the level of the body of L4 vertebra
B. True - Thesuperior mesenteric artery arises from the aorta at the level of the lower border of the body of L1 vertebra
C. True - The commencement of the portal vein is just behind the neck of the pancreas
D. True
E. False – The inferior vena cava begins opposite the L5 vertebral
level by the confluence of the two common iliac veins behind the
right common iliac artery
The inguinal canal:
A. commences at the superficial inguinal ring
B. has an anterior wall formed by the external oblique aponeurosis assisted laterally by the internal oblique muscle
C. has the floor formed by the inguinal ligament
D. has the posterior wall reinforced in its medial third by the
conjoint tendon
E. transmits the round ligament in the female
A. False - The inguinal canal is an oblique passage through the lower part of the anterior abdominal wall which commences at the deep inguinal ring and ends at the superficial inguinal ring
B. True – The anterior wall along its entire length of the canal is formed by the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle. It is reinforced in its lateral third by the internal oblique
C. True – The floor or the inferior wall is formed by the inrolled inferior edge of the inguinal ligament (the aponeurosis of the external oblique) reinforced medially by the lacunar ligament
D. True – The posterior wall is formed along its entire length by the fascia transversalis. It is reinforced in its medial third by the conjoint tendon
E. True– It transmits the round ligament of the uterus and the ilioinguinal nerve in the female and the spermatic cord and ilioinguinal nerve in the male
The superficial inguinal ring:
A. is oval shaped
B. is a defect in the superficial fascia
C. lies immediately above and lateral to the pubic tubercle
D. has crura giving attachment to external spermatic fascia
E. transmits the ilioinguinal nerve
A. False – It is a triangular defect or aperture in the aponeurosis of
the external oblique muscle
B. False
C. True
D. True - Margins of the ring are called the crura (lateral and medial) and give attachment to external spermatic fascia
E. True - It transmits the round ligament of the uterus and the ilioinguinal nerve in the female and the spermatic cord and ilioinguinal nerve in the male
Regarding the inguinal canal:
A. It lies above the lateral part of the inguinal ligament
B. Its deep ring lies half an inch above the mid-inguinal point
C. The lacunar ligament forms the floor medially
D. It transmits the genitofemoral nerve
E. Its roof is formed by the fibres of internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles
A. False - The inguinal canal is an oblique intermuscular slit about 4 cm long lying above the medial part of the inguinal ligament
B. True – The deep ring lies about 1.25 cm (1 inch) above the midpoint of the inguinal ligament which is an opening in the transversalis fascia
C. True - The floor is the inrolled lower edge of the inguinal ligament reinforced medially by the lacunar ligament
D. False – The inguinal canal transmits the spermatic cord and ilioinguinal nerve in the male and the round ligament of
uterus and ilioinguinal nerve in the female. The genitofemoral nerve is formed in the psoas major muscle and emerges on its anterior surface and runs down along the muscle, pierces the psoas fascia and divides into the genital and femoral branches. The genital branch passes through the deep ring, enters the inguinal canal and supplies the cremaster muscle, spermatic fascia, tunica vaginalis and scrotal skin
E. True – The roof is formed by the lower edges of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles
The inguinal canal:
A. is 1.5 cm long
B. has the ilioinguinal nerve entering through the deep ring
C. has part of its floor formed by the lacunar ligament
D. has fascia transversalis along the whole length of the posterior wall
E. has the inferior epigastric artery medial to its deep ring
A. False – It is 1.5 inches (4 cm) long
B. False – The ilioinguinal nerve enters the canal by piercing the lower border of the internal oblique muscle and emerges through the superficial inguinal ring
C. True – The floor is formed by the inrolled lower border of the inguinal ligament and reinforced medially by the lacunar ligament
D. True – The posterior wall is formed along its entire length by fascia
transversalis. It is reinforced on its medial third by the conjoint tendon
E. True – Related to it medially are the inferior epigastric vessels, which pass upward from the external iliac vessels
The rectus abdominis muscle:
A. arises from the pubic symphysis and pubic crest
B. inserts on to the 9th rib
C. is enclosed in the aponeurosis of the internal oblique muscle
between the umbilicus and costal margin
D. has a tendinous intersection at the level of the umbilicus
E. is supplied by the iliohypogastric nerve
A. True – It arises by two heads: a medial from in front of the pubic symphysis and a lateral from the pubic crest
B. False – The muscle is inserted on to the front of the 5th to 7th costal cartilages
C. True – Between the umbilicus and costal margin, the aponeurosis of
the internal oblique splits into anterior and posterior layers to enclose the rectus abdominis muscle
D. True – Typically three tendinous intersections are found in the
muscle, one at the umbilicus, one at the xiphisternum, and one between these two
E. False – The rectus muscle and external obique muscle are both supplied by the lower intercostal and subcostal nerves (T7- T12). The internal oblique and transversus abdominis are also supplied by the same nerves but with the addition of the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves (L1)
The external oblique muscle:
A. has fibres interdigitating with fibres of latissimus dorsi
B. has an attachment to the anterior half of the iliac crest
C. has the superficial inguinal ring in its aponeurosis
D. contributes to the formation of the conjoint tendon
E. has its lower border forming the roof of the inguinal canal
A. True – The muscle arises by eight digitations, one from each of
the lower eight ribs. The lower four slips interdigitate with the costal fibres of latissimus dorsi and the upper four with the digitations of the sarratus anterior
B. True – The muscle has a free posterior border which extends from the twelfth rib to its insertion into the anterior half of the outer lip of the iliac crest
C. True - Above and lateral to the pubic tubercle is the superficial inguinal ring in the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle
D. False – Muscles contributing to the formation of the conjoint tendon are the internal oblique and the transversus abdominis
E. False – Its lower border forms the inguinal ligament. The inguinal ligament forms the floor of the inguinal canal. The roof of the canal is formed by arching fibres of internal oblique and transversus abdominis
Regarding the rectus sheath:
A. The anterior layer above the level of the costal margin is formed by the external oblique aponeurosis
B. The posterior layer above the level of the costal margin formed by the internal oblique aponeurosis
C. The subcostal nerve supplies it
D. The anterior layer above the pubic symphysis is formed by the
fusion of aponeuroses of external and internal oblique and
transversus abdominis muscles
E. The posterior layer above the pubic symphysis is formed by the
aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis muscle
A. True
B. False – The posterior layer above the level of the costal margin has no rectus sheath. The rectus muscle rests directly on the fifth, sixth and seventh costal cartilages
C. True – Seventh to eleventh intercostal nerves and subcostal nerve (12th thoracic nerve) supply it
D. True
E. False – The posterior layer above the pubic symphysis is deficient and the rectus muscle rests directly on the fascia
transversalis
The anterior abdominal wall is supplied by the:
A. eighth posterior intercostal artery
B. superior epigastric artery
C. inferior epigastric artery
D. tenth posterior intercostal artery
E. musculophrenic artery
A. False – The anterior abdominal wall is supplied by the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries (branches of internal throracic artery), tenth and eleventh posterior intercostal arteries (branches of thoracic aorta), subcostal artery, inferior epigastric artery and deep circumflex iliac artery (branches of the external iliac artery) and lumbar arteries (dorsal branches of abdominal aorta)
B. True
C. True
D. True
E. True
Nerves that supply the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall include:
A. sixth intercostal nerve
B. subcostal nerve
C. ilioinguinal nerve
D. iliohypogastric nerve
E. lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
A. False - Rectus abdominis and external oblique muscles are supplied by the lower intercostals (T7-T12) and subcostal (T12) nerves; the internal oblique and transversus abdominis by the lower
intercostals, subcostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves and the lowest fibres of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis by the first lumbar fibres.
B. True
C. True
D. True
E. False
Components of the spermatic cord include:
A. ilioinguinal nerve
B. vas deferens
C. genitofemoral nerve
D. appendix testis
E. testicular artery
A. False – The spermatic cord has three coverings and six constituents. They are the internal spermatic fascia, cremasteric fascia and muscle, external spermatic fascia, ductus deferns, testicular artery with the artery to the ducts and cremasteric artery, pampiniform plexus of veins, lymphatics, genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve and processus vaginalis. The ilioinguinal nerve passes down deep to the external oblique muscle and emerges on the front of the spermatic cord through the superficial inguinal ring.
B. True
C. True
D. False - The appendix testis is a small cystic part attached to the upper pole of testis which is a remnant of the paramesonephric duct
E. True
Regarding vertebral levels:
A. The portal vein commences at theL1 vertebral level
B. Bifurcation of the descending aorta is at the S1 level
C. Oesophageal opening in the diaphragm is at the T12 vertebral
level
D. Bifurcation of the trachea is at the T6 vertebral level
E. The lower limit of the prevertebral fascia is at the T4 vertebral level
A. True- The portal vein commences behind the neck of pancreas by the union of the splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein at the first lumbar vertebral level
B. False – Bifurcation of the descending aorta is at the fourth lumbar
vertebral level
C. False – Oesophageal opening in the diaphragm is at the tenth
thoracic vertebral level. The inferior vena caval opening is at the eighth thoracic vertebral level and the aortic opening is at the twelfth thoracic vertebral level
D. False – Bifurcation of the trachea is at the fourth thoracic vertebral level which is at the level of the manubriosternal joint (angle of Louis)
E. True – The prevertebral fascia extends from the base of the skull to the fourth thoracic vertebral level
The coeliac trunk:
A. is the artery of the foregut
B. arises at the 10th thoracic vertebral level
C. gives off the splenic artery
D. supplies the entire oesophagus
E. lies behind the peritoneum of the lesser sac
A. True – It is the artery of the distal part of the foregut and supplies the gastrointestinal tract from the lower one third of the oesophagus down to the duodenum as far as the opening of the bile duct. It supplies the liver, spleen and pancreas which are foregut derivatives
B. False – It arises at the 12th thoracic vertebral level
C. True – Its three branches are the left gastric, splenic and common hepatic arteries
D. False – The derivatives of the distal part of the foregut including the liver, pancreas and spleen are supplied by the coeliac trunk. The upper part of the oesophagus is supplied by the inferior thyroid arteries; middle part by the oesophageal branches of the aorta and bronchial arteries; and the lower part by the oesophageal branches of the left gastric artery
E. True – The three branches from the coeliac trunk are given off at the
upper border of the pancreas behind the peritoneum of the posterior wall of the upper sac
The superior mesenteric artery:
A. arises at the level of the transpyloric plane
B. lies behind the body of the pancreas
C. supplies the pancreas
D. lies anterior to the left renal vein
E. supplies the caecum
A. True – It arises from the abdominal aorta a centimeter below the
origin of the celiac trunk at the L1 vertebral level
B. True - After airsing from the aorta the superior mesenteric artery is directed downwards behind the body of the pancreas and splenic vein
C. False – It is the artery of the mid gut and supplies the gut from the duodenal papilla up to the junction between the proximal two-thirds and distal one-third of the transverse colon. The pancreas is supplied mainly by the splenic artery, a branch of the coeliac trunk (neck, body and tail). Superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries supply the head of pancreas
D. True – It lies anterior to the left renal vein, uncinate process of the pancreas and the third part of the duodenum, in that order from above downwards
E. True – The ileocolic artery is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery. The inferior branch of the ileocolic artery gives off the anterior and posterior caecal arteries to supply the caecum.
Branches arising from the superior mesenteric artery include:
A. ileocolic
B. left colic
C. right gastric
D. gastroduodenal
E. inferior pancreaticoduodenal
A. True – Branches arising from the superior mesenteric artery are inferior pancreaticoduodenal, ileocolic, right colic, middle colic, jejunal and ileal arteries
B. False – The left colic is a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery
C. False – The right gastric artery is a branch of the common hepatic artery which arises from the coeliac trunk
D. False – The gastroduodenal artery is a branch of the common hepatic artery which arises from the coeliac trunk
E. True
The inferior mesenteric artery:
A. arises at the L3 vertebral level
B. crosses the pelvic brim at the bifurcation of the left common iliac
artery
C. supplies the descending colon
D. descends into the pelvis as the superior rectal artery
E. gives off the right colic artery
A. True – It arises from the aorta behind the inferior border of the third part of the duodenum at the third lumbar vertebral level (3-4 cm above the bifurcation of the aorta)
B. True – It crosses the pelvic brim at the bifurcation of the left common iliac vessels over the sacroiliac joint and converges towards the ureter and lie at the apex of the attachment of the sigmoid mesocolon
C. True – It supplies the distal third of the transverse colon, left colic Flexure (splenic flexure), the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, the rectum, and the anal canal above the pectinate line
D. True – The terminal branch of the inferior mesenteric artery is the
superior rectal artery which anastomoses with the last branch of the sigmoid arteries
E. False – Its branches are the left colic, sigmoid and superior rectal
arteries. The right colic artery is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery
The portal vein:
A. is formed behind the neck of the pancreas
B. lies in front of the inferior vena cava
C. receives right and left gastric veins
D. ascends in the greater omentum
E. lies anterior to the bile duct
A. True - The portal vein is formed by the union of splenic vein (which also receives the inferior mesenteric vein) with the superior mesenteric vein, behind the neck of the
pancreas at the 1st lumbar vertebral level
B. True – It lies in front of the inferior vena cava behind the neck of
the pancreas and the first part of the duodenum. By entering between the two layers of the lesser omentum it loses contact with the inferior vena cava
C. True – Tributaries of the portal vein are the right and left gastric veins, superior pancreaticoduodenal veins, cystic veins
and paraumbilical veins
D. False – it ascends in the free edge of the lesser omentum
E. False – The portal vein runs upwards in the free edge of the lesser omentum which forms the anterior boundary of the epiploic foramen lying behind the bile duct and the hepatic artery
Porto-systemic anastomoses occur at the:
A. upper end of oesophagus
B. area around the umbilicus
C. anal canal
D. hilum of the spleen
E. transverse colon
A. False – The following are the four common sites of porto-systemic anastomoses:
(i) At the lower end of the oesophagus (oesophageal or gastric varices) the oesophageal branches of the left gastric vein (portal tributary) anastomoses with oesophageal veins that drain into azygos and accessory azygos veins
(ii) Anorectal region – superior rectal veins (portal tributary)
anastomose with the middle and inferior rectal veins (systemic tributaries) that drain into internal iliac and pudendal veins
(iii) Around the umbilicus – the left branch of the portal vein anastomoses with the superficial veins (superior and inferior epigastric) of the anterior abdominal wall (systemic tributaries) through paraumbilical veins that accompany the ligamentum teres
In portal obstruction the veins around the umbilicus distend. The distended veins radiate from the umbilicus giving rise to caput medusae
(iv) In the bare area of liver – the right branch of the portal vein in the bare area anastomoses with the retroperitoneal veins that drain into lumbar, azygos and hemiazygos veins
B. True
C. True
D. False
E. False
The splenic vein:
A. lies below the splenic artery
B. is derived from the left umbilical vein
C. ends behind the neck of the pancreas
D. receives short gastric veins
E. receives the right gastric vein
A. True – The vein leaves the hilum of the spleen and passes in the
lienorenal ligament lying below the splenic artery
B. False – The splenic vein has no foetal vessel of origin. The left
umbilical vein which is the main source of oxygenated blood
to the foetus becomes the ligamentum teres after birth
C. True – It unites with the superior mesenteric vein behind the neck of the pancreas (at the first lumbar vertebral level) to form the portal vein
D. True – It receives short gastric, left gastroepiploic, inferior mesenteric and pancreatic veins
E. False - The right gastric vein passes along the lesser curvature to the pylorus of the stomach and empties into the portal vein
Regarding the blood supply of the gut:
A. Left gastric artery supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach
B. Short gastric arteries supply the pyloric region of the stomach
C. Right colic artery supplies the ascending colon
D. Right gastric artery supplies the first part of the duodenum
E. Left colic artery supplies the proximal 1/3 of the transverse colon
A. True – The lesser curvature of the stomach is supplied by the left
and right gastric arteries
B. False – Short gastric arteries (about six branches) are branches
from the splenic artery that supply the fundus and upper part of the greater curvature of the stomach. The pyloric region of the stomach is supplied by the gastroduodenal artery, right gastroepiploic artery and supraduodenal artery
C. True – The ascending colon is supplied by the ileocolic, right colic and middle colic arteries, which are branches of the superior mesenteric artery
D. True – The first 2 cm of the duodenum receives blood from the hepatic, gastroduodenal, supraduodenal, right gastric and right gastroepiploic arteries
E. False - The middle colic artery, a branch of the superior mesenteric artery supplies the proximal 1/3 of the transverse colon. The left colic artery supplies the descending colon
Derivatives of the vitelline veins include:
A. portal vein
B. inferior mesenteric vein
C. splenic vein
D. superior mesenteric vein
E. inferior vena cava
A. True – Left and right vitelline veins and vitelline anastomosis give rise to superior mesenteric vein, portal vein and post hepatic inferior vena cava. The inferior mesenteric and splenic veins
do not have a foetal vessel of origin
B. False
C. False
D. True
E. True
Regarding the coeliac plexus:
A. It lies around the origin of the coeliac trunk
B. The greater splanchnic nerve carries postganglionic sympathetic fibres to the plexus
C. Both vagi contribute fibres to the plexus
D. The coeliac plexus contributes fibres to the renal plexus
E. The adrenal medulla receives preganglionic sympathetic fibres from the splanchnic nerves via the plexus
A. True – It lies around the origin of the coeliac trunk above the
B. False – upper border of the pancreas
The greater and lesser splanchnic nerves carry preganglionic sympathetic fibres. They pierce the crura of the diaphragm
and enter the two large coeliac ganglia
C. True
D. True – Fibres from the plexus supply all abdominal viscera, renal ganglion and plexus, testes and ovaries
E. True - Preganglionic fibres from the greater splanchnic nerve pass without relay to the cells of the suprarenal medulla
Regarding vertebral levels:
A. Coeliac trunk arises at the tenth thoracic vertebral level
B. Superior mesenteric artery arises at the twelfth thoracic vertebral level
C. Inferior mesenteric artery arises at the third lumbar vertebral level
D. The abdominal aorta divides into right and left common iliac
arteries at the fourth lumbar vertebral level
E. The common iliac artery divides at the level of the second sacral
vertebral level
A. False – The coeliac trunk arises from the abdominal aorta between
the crura of the diaphragm a little below the median arcuate ligament at the twelfth thoracic vertebral level
B. False – The superior mesenteric artery arises from the aorta a centimeter below the coeliac trunk at the first lumbar
vertebral level
C. True – The inferior mesenteric artery arises from the aorta behind the inferior border of the third part of the duodenum at the third lumbar vertebral level
D. True – The abdominal aorta passes behind the median arcuate
ligament at the twelfth thoracic vertebral level and passes downwards behind the peritoneum on the bodies of lumbar vertebrae with the left sympathetic trunk at its left margin. At the fourth lumbar vertebral level it divides into the two common iliac arteries
E. False – The common iliac arteries divide into internal and external iliac arteries at the fifth lumbar vertebral level (at the disc between the 5th lumbar vertebra and the sacrum) in front of the sacroiliac joint
Which of the following is/are retroperitoneal:
A. Ureter
B. Head of the pancreas
C. Ascending colon
D. Appendix
E. Spleen
A. False – Although the kidney is retroperitoneal, the ureter lies on
the posterior abdominal wall in front of the muscles
B. True – The pancreas after development fuses with the posterior abdominal wall and becomes secondarily retroperitoneal
C. True – During development the descending colon has a dorsal mesentery which will fuse with the posterior abdominal wall and becomes retroperitoneal
D. False – The appendix has a mesentery called the mesoappendix and is not retroperitoneal
E. False– The spleen develops in the dorsal mesentery and is attached to the posterior abdominal wall by the lienorenal ligament
Derivatives of the dorsal mesentery (dorsal mesogastrium) include:
A. lienorenal ligament
B. spleen
C. falciform ligament
D. lesser omentum
E. greater omentum
A. True – Derivatives of the dorsal mesentery include the greater omentum, gastrosplenic ligament, spleen and the lienorenal ligament. The lesser omentum and falciform ligament develops from the ventral mesentery (ventral mesogastrium)
B. True
C. False
D. False
E. True
Regarding the epiploic foramen:
A. Its lower boundary is the second part of the duodenum
B. Its upper boundary is the caudate process of the liver
C. Its posterior boundary is the superior mesenteric vein
D. Its anterior boundary is the free margin of the lesser omentum
E. The right subhepatic space communicates with the lesser sac via
the epiploic foramen
A. False – Its lower boundary is the first part of the duodenum
B. True
C. False – The posterior boundary is the inferior vena cava covered by the parietal peritoneum of the posterior abdominal wall
D. True – The free margin of the lesser omentum contains between its two peritoneal layers the portal vein and anterior to it the hepatic artery and bile duct
E. True – Left (lesser sac) and right subhepatic spaces communicate
with each other via the epiploic foramen
The lesser omentum:
A. extends between the stomach and the liver
B. is attached to the greater curvature of the stomach
C. extends into the fissure for the ligamentum teres
D. forms the anterior boundary of the epiploic foramen
E. is developed from the ventral mesentery
A. True – The two layers of peritoneum that extend between the liver and the lesser curvature of the stomach constitute the lesser omentum. This is part of the ventral mesogastrium
B. False – It is attached to the lesser curvature of the stomach. The greater omentum is attached to the greater curvature of the stomach.
C. False – The attachment of the lesser omentum to the liver is L - shaped. It is attached to the fissure for the ligamentum venosum and the porta hepatis
D. True – Anteriorly the foramen is bounded by the right free margin of the lesser omentum containing between its two peritoneal layers of the portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct.
E. True – The ventral mesentery (or septum transversum) gives rise to the lesser omentum, falciform ligament, central tendon of diaphragm, connective tissue of the liver, Kupffer cells and coronary ligaments
The caudate lobe of the liver:
A. lies between the fissure for the ligamentum teres and gall bladder
B. is connected to the right lobe by the caudate process
C. forms the upper boundary of the foramen of Winslow
D. belongs to the left and right morphological lobes of the liver
E. is enclosed by the peritoneum
Regarding the bile duct:
A. It is formed by the union of left and right hepatic ducts
B. Its lining is endodermal in origin
C. Its upper third lies in the free edge of the lesser omentum
D. It passes between the second part of the duodenum and head
of pancreas
E. It lies behind the right renal vein
Organs related to the visceral surface of the spleen include:
A. Left kidney
B. left colic flexure
C. Stomach
D. Tail of the pancreas
E. Greater omentum
The spleen:
A. Is developed from the dorsal mesogastrium
B. Has a notch in its anterior border
C. Lies beneath the 7th and 9th ribs
D. Has a lower pole extending upto the midaxillary line
E. Is supplied by vessels passing in the gastrosplenic ligament
The inferior vena cava:
A. is formed at the fourth lumbar vertebral level
B. grooves the bare area of the liver
C. passes through the tendinous part of the diaphragm
D. receives the right suprarenal vein
E. has its post-hepatic part derived from the left vitelline vein
Tributaries of the inferior vena cava include:
A. left fourth lumbar vein
B. left gonadal vein
C. right renal vein
D. left suprarenal vein
E. right inferior phrenic vein
The right renal artery:
A. arises from the aorta at the second lumbar vertebral level
B. lies anterior to the right crus of the diaphragm
C. passes anterior to the inferior vena cava
D. supplies the ureter
E. gives off the right gonadal artery
The left renal vein:
A. lies posterior to the left renal artery
B. is longer than the right renal vein
C. is developed from the subcardinal anastomosis
D. enters the inferior vena cava at second lumbar vertebral level
E. receives the left gonadal vein
Regarding the lumbar plexus:
A. It lies within the psoas major muscle
B. It is formed by the dorsal rami of upper four lumbar nerves
C. It has branches supplying the skin
D. The femoral nerve emerges from the medial border of the psoas
muscle
E. It gives off the pudendal nerve
The genitofemoral nerve:
A. descends on the quadratus lumborum muscle
B. is a branch of the femoral nerve
C. has its genital branch passing though the inguinal canal
D. supplies the cremaster muscle
E. has motor and sensory components
The ilioinguinal nerve:
A. contains fibres arising from first and second lumbar segments
B. emerges from the lateral border of the psoas muscle
C. lies within the inguinal canal
D. supplies the skin of the scrotum
E. is entirely sensory
The ovarian artery:
A. arises from the abdominal aorta just above the origin of renal artery
B. lies on the psoas major muscle
C. crosses in front of the ureter
D. on the right side crosses in front of the inferior vena cava
E. supplies the ureter
The ureter:
A. passes down on the psoas major muscle
B. has a narrowing at the pelviureteric junction
C. lies anterior to the gonadal vessels
D. crosses the bifurcation of the common iliac artery anteriorly
E. is developed from the paramesonephric duct
Regarding the suprarenal glands:
A. They are symmetrical in shape
B. They are enclosed in renal fascia
C. Each gland is drained by three veins
D. The inferior vena cava is an anterior relation of the right
suprarenal gland
E. The medulla is developed from endoderm
Regarding the suprarenal glands:
A. The anterior surface of the left gland is in contact with the bare area of the liver
B. The left gland lies on the left crus of the diaphragm
C. Suprarenal arteries arise from the renal arteries
D. Cells of the zona glomerulosa develop from the neural crest cells
E. They receive preganglionic sympathetic fibres via the splanchnic nerves
Regarding the relations of the kidneys:
A. The costodiaphragmatic recess of the pleura is at risk in the lumbar approach to the kidney
B. The right kidney rests on the twelfth rib
C. Iliohpogastric and ilioinguinal nerves are related posteriorly
D. The hilum of the left kidney is related to the pancreas
E. The hila of both kidneys lie at the subcostal plane
Derivatives of the metanephric blastema include:
A. ureter
B. minor calyces
C. Bowmans capsule
D. distal convoluted tubule
E. collecting ducts
