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MBBCh 2- ANAT2020A > Oral Cavity and Tongue > Flashcards

Oral Cavity and Tongue Flashcards

1
Q

Oral region
* Includes: (5)

A

o Oral cavity
o Teeth and gingivae
o Tongue
o Palate
o Region of the palatine tonsils

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2
Q

Oral region:
Functions: (4)

A

o Formation of food bolus by mastication and
lingual manipulation
o Voluntary deglutition
o Manipulation of sound from the larynx (sound)
o Opening of the respiratory system

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3
Q

Divisions of the oral cavity: (2)

A
  1. Oral vestibule
  2. Oral cavity proper
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4
Q

What are the features of the Oral vestibule? (3)

A
  • Slit-like space between the teeth & gingivae, and the lips & cheeks
  • Communicates with the exterior through the oral fissure
  • Size of the oral fissure is controlled by the peri-oral muscles
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5
Q

Peri-oral muscles: (4)

A

o Orbicularis oris
o Buccinator
o Risorius
o Depressors and elevators of the lips (dilators of the oral fissure)

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6
Q

What is the Oral cavity proper?

A
  • The space between the upper and lower dental arches/arcades
  • When the mouth is closed and at rest, the tongue fully occupies the cavity
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7
Q

What are the boundaries of the oral cavity proper? (4)

A

o Lateral and anterior- dental arches
o Superior (roof)- hard and soft palate
o Inferior (floor)- mylohyoid m., geniohyoid m. and tongue
o Posterior- oropharyngeal isthmus and oropharynx

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8
Q

What are the lips?

A

Mobile, musculofibrous folds surrounding the mouth lined externally by skin and internally by mucosa.

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9
Q

Lips
Extent: (2)

A

o Laterally and superiorly- nasolabial sulci and nares
o Inferiorly- mentolabial sulcus

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10
Q

What do the lips contain? (3)

A

o Orbicularis oris
o Superior and inferior labial muscles
o Superior and inferior labial nerves and vessels

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11
Q

What is the function of the lips?

A

o Valve of the oral fissure

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12
Q

What is the lymph drainage of the lips? (2)

A

o Upper lip and lateral lower lip drains into submandibular nodes
o Medial part of lower lip drains into submental nodes

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13
Q

What is the blood supply of the lips?

A

o Superior and inferior labial arteries from facial artery

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14
Q

What is the innervation of the lips? (2)

A

o Upper lip- superior labial br. of infraorbital br. of maxillary nerve (CN V2)
o Lower lip- inferior labial br. of mental br. of inferior alveolar n. from mandibular nerve (CN V3)

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15
Q

What are the cheeks? (2)

A
  • Movable walls of the oral cavity that are continuous with the lips
  • Functions in keeping food between teeth when chewing
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16
Q

Extent- the buccal region: (4)

Anterior-
Superior-
Posterior-
Inferior-

A

o Anteriorly- oral and mental regions
o Superiorly- zygomatic region
o Posteriorly- parotid region
o Inferiorly- inferior border of the mandible

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17
Q

What is the principle muscle of the cheek?

A

Principle muscle of the cheek is the buccinator

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18
Q

o Superficial to buccinator is the buccal ____-____
o Deep to buccinator are buccal _____

A

fat-pad
glands

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19
Q

What is the blood supply to the cheeks?

A

o Buccal branches of 2nd part of maxillary artery

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20
Q

What is the innervation to the cheeks? (2)

A

o Sensory- buccal branches of mandibular nerve (CN V3)
o Motor (to buccinator)- buccal branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

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21
Q

What is the Gingivae?

A
  • Composed of fibrous tissue covered with mucous membrane
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22
Q

What is the Gingiva proper (attached gingiva)? (2)

A
  • Firmly attached to the alveolar part of the mandible,
    alveolar process of maxilla and necks of teeth
  • Pink, stippled and keratinized
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23
Q

What is the Alveolar mucosa (unattached gingiva)? (2)

A
  • Continuation of the mucous membrane of the cheeks, lips and floor of the mouth
  • Shiny red and nonkeratinizing
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24
Q

What is the innervation of the Gingivae? (2)

A

o anterior superior alveolar, middle superior alveolar and posterior superior alveolar br. from maxillary nerve
o buccal and mental br. of mandibular nerve

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25
Q

What are the features of the teeth? (3)

A
  • Housed in alveolar bone
  • 32 in adults, 20 in children
  • Structure is dependent on position and function
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26
Q

o Incisors-
o Canines-
o Premolars-
o Molars-

A

o Incisors- chisel-shaped for cutting
o Canines- longest with single pointed cusp to grasp
o Premolars- 2 pointed cusps to grind
o Molars- 3 to 5 cusps to grind

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27
Q

Vasculature of the teeth: (2)

A

o superior and inferior alveolar aa. from the maxillary a.
o Alveolar vv. and pterygoid venous plexus to maxillary v.

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28
Q

Upper arcade- maxillary nerve:
Anterior superior alveolar
Teeth innervated:

A

Incisors and canines

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29
Q

Upper arcade- maxillary nerve:
Middle superior alveolar
Teeth innervated:

30
Q

Upper arcade- maxillary nerve:
Posterior superior alveolar
Teeth innervated:

31
Q

Lower arcade- mandibular nerve
Dental br. of inferior alveolar
Teeth innervated:

A

2nd premolar and molars

32
Q

Lower arcade- mandibular nerve
Incisive branches of inferior alveolar
Teeth innervated:

A

Incisors, canines and 1st premolar

33
Q

What is the lymph drainage of the teeth? (2)

A

o Maxillary teeth- deep cervical lymph nodes
o Mandibular teeth- submental and submandibular nodes

34
Q

What is the palate? (2)

A
  • Forms the roof of the oral cavity and the floor of the nasal cavity
  • Separates the oral cavity and oropharynx from the nasal cavity and nasopharynx
35
Q

Palate:
* superior surface lined by _____ ______
* Inferior surface lined by oral mucosa with ______

A

respiratory mucosa
glands

36
Q

What is the hard palate? (2)

A
  • Composes the anterior 2 thirds of the palate
  • Bony skeleton formed by palatine processes of maxillae (anterior 2/3) and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones (posterior 1/3)
37
Q

What is the incisive fossa? (2)

A
  • Incisive fossa- depression in the midline of
    bony palate with incisive foramen
  • has closely attached mucosa with
    embedded palatine glandes that secrete
    saliva
38
Q

What is the difference between the greater palatine and the lesser palatine foramen? (2)

A
  • greater palatine foramen- medial to 3rd
    molar tooth
  • lesser palatine foramen- posterior to greater
    palatine foramen
39
Q

What is the soft palate? (2)

A
  • Movable posterior third of the palate suspended
    form the posterior border of the hard palate
  • Palatine aponeurosis
40
Q

What is the palatine aponeurosis? (2)

A

o Attaches to the posterior edge of the hard
palate
o Thick anteriorly and thin posteriorly where it
blends with the muscular part of the soft
palate

41
Q

What is the uvula?

A
  • Uvula- curved free margin on the postero-inferior surface of the free palate
42
Q

Muscles of the soft palate: (5)

43
Q

Muscle
Tensor veli palatini
Main action:
Innervation:

A

Tenses soft palate & opens mouth of eustachian tube

Medial pterygoid n. from mandibular n. via otic ganglion

44
Q

Muscle
Levator palatini
Main action:
Innervation:

A

Elevates soft palate during swallowing and yawning

Pharyngeal branch of vagus n. (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus

45
Q

Muscle
Palatoglossus
Main action:
Innervation:

A

Draws soft palate on to tongue and elevates posterior tongue

Pharyngeal branch of vagus n. (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus

46
Q

Muscle
Palatopharyngeus
Main action:
Innervation:

A

Tenses soft palate and pulls walls of pharynx superiorly, medially and anteriorly during swallowing

Pharyngeal branch of vagus n. (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus

47
Q

Muscle
Musculus uvulae
Main action:
Innervation:

A

Shortens uvula and pulls it superiorly

Pharyngeal branch of vagus n. (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus

48
Q
  • Blood supply of the palatine: (3)
A

o Greater and lesser palatine arteries from descending palatine artery
o Ascending palatine artery from facial artery
o Drained by tributaries of the pterygoid venous plexus

49
Q
  • Innervation
    o Sensory innervation by branches of the maxillary nerve from the pterygopalatine ganglion: (3)
A
  • Greater palatine nerve
  • Nasopalatine nerve
  • Lesser palatine nerve
50
Q

Where is the tongue located?

A

Partly in the oral cavity and partly in the oropharynx.

51
Q

What is the function of the tongue? (3)

A

o Formation of bolus and deglutition
o Speech
o Taste

52
Q

What is the structure of the tongue? (3)

A

o Root- extends between hyoid and mandible,
and extends almost vertically as the posterior
surface of the tongue
o Body- anterior 2/3 of the tongue that is mobile
o Apex- anterior end of the body resting against
incisors

53
Q

What are the surfaces of the tongue? (2)

A

o Dorsum- superior and posterior surfaces
o Inferior surface- rests on the floor of the mouth

54
Q

Where is the Lingual papillae?

A

o Found on the mucosa of the anterior part of the tongue

55
Q

What is the 1. Vallate papillae? (2)

A

o Large and flat topped
o Line in a V directly anterior to terminal sulcus

56
Q

What is the 2. Foliate papillae?

A

o Small lateral folds of the lingual mucosa

57
Q

What is the 3. Filiform papillae? (3)

A

o Long and numerous
o Have nerve endings sensitive to touch
o Arranged in V-shaped rows parallel to terminal sulcus

58
Q

What is the 4. Fungiform papillae?

A

o Mushroom-shaped spots scattered among the filiform papillae
o Numerous at the apex and tongue margins

59
Q

What is the function of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Alter the position of the tongue.

60
Q

Muscle:
Genioglossus
Main action:
Innervation:

A
  • Bilateral activity depresses tongue centrally
  • Posterior part pulls tongue anteriorly
  • Anterior part retracts apex of protruded tongue
  • Unilateral contraction deviates tongue to contralateral side
  • Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
61
Q

Muscle:
Hyoglossus
Main action:
Innervation:

A
  • Depresses tongue on its sides
  • Retracts tongue
  • Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
62
Q

Muscle:
Styloglossus
Main action:
Innervation:

A

Retracts tongue
Elevates tongue on its sides

  • Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
63
Q

Muscle:
Palatoglossus
Main action:
Innervation:

A

Elevates posterior tongue and depresses soft palate

Vagus nerve (CN X)

64
Q

What is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Change the shape of the tongue.

65
Q

Muscle:
Superior longitudinal
Main action:
Innervation:

A
  • Elevates apex and sides of tongue to curl it upwards
  • Shortens the tongue

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

66
Q

Muscle:
Vertical
Main action:
Innervation:

A

Flattens and broadens tongue

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

67
Q

Muscle:
Transverse
Main action:
Innervation:

A

Narrows and elongates tongue

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

68
Q

How do the vertical and transverse work together?

A

Act together to protrude the tongue

69
Q

Muscle:
Inferior longitudinal
Main action:
Innervation:

A
  • Depresses apex and sides of tongue to curl it downwards
  • Shortens tongue

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

70
Q

Innervation of the tongue:

71
Q

Blood supply to the tongue:

  • Lingual artery from the _____ _______
  • Dorsal lingual artery supplies ____ ____ ______
  • Deep lingual artery supplies _____ _____ _____
  • Dorsal lingual veins drain the root of the tongue
  • Deep lingual veins drain the body of the tongue and drain into the ______ ______
  • Sublingual and dorsal lingual veins enter internal jugular vein directly or through a _____ ______ ______
A

external carotid
root of tongue
body of tongue
sublingual vein
common lingual vein

72
Q

Lymph drainage of the tongue:

MBBCh 2- ANAT2020A (60 decks)

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