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MBBCh 2- ANAT2020A > Perineum > Flashcards

Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the perineum? (2)

A
  • External surface area & shallow compartment
  • Contains: external genitalia, lower segments of genitourinary & gastrointestinal systems & perineal body
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2
Q

How is the perineum bounded?

A
  • Bounded
  • Pelvic outlet
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3
Q

What is the perineum separated from?

A
  • Separated from pelvic cavity (roof)
  • Pelvic diaphragm
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4
Q

What is the perineum between? (3)

A
  • Narrow region btw proximal parts of thigh
  • Diamond shaped (x2 triangles)
  • Anal triangle (post) & urogenital triangle (ant)
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5
Q

Perineum: Surface Landmarks
* Borders
* Anterior:

A

Pubic symphysis,
ischiopubic rami

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6
Q

Perineum: Surface Landmarks
* Borders
* Lateral:

A

Ischial tuberosity,
sacrotuberous ligament

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7
Q

Perineum: Surface Landmarks
* Borders
* Posterior:

A

Coccyx

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8
Q

Perineum: Surface Landmarks
* Perineal body
* Convergence of fibres:

A
  • Bulbospongiosus, external
    anal sphincter, superficial
    & deep transverse perineal, external urethral sphincter, levator ani
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8
Q

What is the superficial perineal pouch? (3)

A
  • Potential space
  • Subcutaneous tissue & perineal membrane
  • Laterally: ischiopubic rami
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9
Q

Superficial perineal pouch
Male contents: (4)

A
  • Root of penis & ischiocav. &
    bulbosp. muscles
  • Proximal part of spongy
    urethra
  • Superficial transverse
    perineal muscles
  • Deep perineal branches of
    internal pudendal vessels &
    pudendal nerves
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9
Q

Superficial perineal pouch
Female contents: (5)

A
  • Clitoris & ischiocv. muscles
  • Bulbs of vestibule &
    bulbosp. muscles
  • Superficial transverse
    perineal muscles
  • Greater vestibular glands
  • Deep perineal branches of
    internal pudendal vessels &
    pudendal nerves
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10
Q

Deep perineal space
* Bounded:
* Inferiorly =

A
  • Perineal membrane
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11
Q

Deep perineal space
* Bounded:
* Superiorly =

A
  • Inferior fascia of pelvic diaphragm
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12
Q

Deep perineal space
* Bounded:
* Laterally =

A
  • Inferior portion of obturator fascia
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13
Q

Deep perineal space
* Contents
* Both sexes: (3)

A
  • Part of urethra
  • Inferior part of external urethral sphincter
  • Anterior extensions of ischioanal fat pads
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14
Q

Deep perineal pouch
Male contents: (4)

A
  • Membranous urethra
  • Deep transverse
    perineal muscles
  • Bulbourethral glands
  • Dorsal neurovascular
    structures of penis
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15
Q

Deep perineal pouch
Female contents: (3)

A
  • Proximal part of urethra
  • Mass of smooth muscle
    in place of deep transverse perineal muscles
  • Dorsal neurovascular
    structures of clitoris
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16
Q

What is the Scrotum?

A
  • Pouch-like structure – continuation of lower part of abdominal wall
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17
Q

Scrotum
* Contains: (3)

A
  • Testes, epididymus & spermatic cord
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18
Q

Scrotum
* Skin: (2)

A
  • Thin, wrinkled (dartos fascia and muscle)
  • Pigmented, few hairs; Many sweat glands
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19
Q

Scrotum
* Fascial layers (_____ muscle)

A

cremaster

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19
Q
  • Raphe of scrotum
  • Lateral labioscrotal folds:
  • Septum:
A
  • Lateral labioscrotal folds: fuse
  • Septum: two compartments
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20
Q

Neurovascular supply: Scrotum
* Arterial = (3)

A
  1. External pudendal artery
    - Anterior scrotal arteries
  2. Internal pudendal artery
    - Posterior scrotal arteries
  3. Cremasteric arteries (IEA)
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21
Q

Neurovascular supply: Scrotum
* Venous drainage
=

A
  • Follow arteries
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22
Q

Neurovascular supply: Scrotum

  • Innervation
  • Ant:
  • Post:
    *
A
  • Ant: ilio-inguinal & genitofemoral
  • Anterior scrotal nerves
  • Post: perineal branch of pudendal nerve
  • Posterior scrotal nerves
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23
Q

Testes
* Suspended
= ______ cord

A

spermatic

24
Q

Testes
* F: produce ________ & testosterone
* Secondary sexual characteristics

A

spermatozoa

25
Q

Testes
* Tunica Vaginalis
- Outer….
- Inner ….
* Serous fluid between 2 layers

A
  • Outer parietal layer
  • Inner visceral layer
26
Q
  • Tunica Albuginea
  • Firm, white fibrous covering around _____
  • Forms septa → runs into testis → ______ _____ _______
A

testis
divides into lobules

27
Q

What is the Epididymis?

A
  • Elongated structure
    posterior to testis
28
Q

Epididymis
* Head:

A
  • Superior part of testis
29
Q

Epididymis
* Tail:

A
  • Tapering and continues
    as ductus deferens
30
Q

Neurovascular supply: T & E
* Arterial: (5)

A
  • Testicular artery
  • Cremasteric artery
  • Artery to ductus deferens
  • Anterior scrotal artery
    = External pudendal (Fem a.)
    Posterior scrotal artery
    = Internal pudendal artery
31
Q

Neurovascular supply: T & E
* Venous drainage:

A
  • Pampiniform plexus
32
Q

Neurovascular supply: T & E
* Innervation
- Autonomic:

A
  • Autonomic: testicular plexus (testicular artery)
  • Sympathetic & parasympathetic (vagal)
33
Q

What is the spermatic cord? (4)

A
  • Suspends testis within scrotum
  • Contains structures coursing to and from the testis (12)
  • Begins at the deep inguinal ring
  • Ends at the posterior border of testis
34
Q

Spermatic Cord
* 3 fascial layers:

A
  • Outer spermatic
  • Cremasteric (and muscle)
  • Inner spermatic
34
Q

Spermatic Cord
* 3 arteries:

A
  • Testicular artery
  • Cremasteric artery
  • Ductus deferens artery
35
Q

Spermatic Cord
* 3 nerves:

A
  • Genital branch of genitofemoral
  • Ilioinguinal
  • Sympathetic nerve fibers
36
Q

Spermatic Cord
* 3 other structures:

A
  • Ductus deferens
  • Pampiniform venous plexus
  • Lymphatics
37
Q

What is the penis?

A
  • Erectile tissue
  • Corpus cavernosa and corpus spongiosum
38
Q

What is the root of the penis? (2)

A
  • Found in superficial perineal pouch
  • Suspensory ligament
39
Q

Penis
What is the Bulb of penis?

A
  • Central portion – attach inf. layer of urogenital diaphragm
40
Q

Penis
- Bulb of penis
* Contains:

A

penile/spongy urethra

41
Q

Penis
- Bulb of penis
* Covered by:

A

bulbospongiosus

42
Q

Penis
- Bulb of penis
* Continued as corpus _______ of penis

A

spongiosum

43
Q

Penis
* Crura
- Attach laterally –

A

ischial rami

44
Q

Penis
* Crura
* Covered by:

A

ischiocavernosus muscles

44
Q

Penis
* Crura
* Continued as corpus _______ of penis

A

cavernosa

45
Q

Penis
* Body
* Covered by skin and ______ tissue (deep fascia of penis)

A

connective

46
Q

Penis
* Body
- Paired corpora cavernosa:
- Corpus spongiosum:
- Neck of glans:

A
  • Paired corpora cavernosa – continuous of the crura
  • Corpus spongiosum – ends distally in glans
  • Neck of glans – separates glans from body
47
Q

Penis
* Glans
- Glans covered by extra skin
* Prepuce with ______ (inf)

A

frenulum

47
Q

Penis
- Glans =
* Navicular fossa –

A

dilation of urethra in glans

48
Q

Neurovascular Supply

What is the arterial supply of the penis? (4)

A
  1. Dorsal artery of penis
  2. Deep artery to penis
  3. Artery of bulb of penis
  4. Additional branches from ext. pudendal aa.
49
Q
  • Arterial
  • Dorsal artery of penis:
A
  • Skin and erectile tissue of penis
50
Q
  • Arterial
  • Artery of bulb of penis:
A
  • Bulb of corpus spongiosum, urethra, bulbo-urethral gland
51
Q
  • Venous drainage
  • Deep dorsal vein of penis:
  • Superficial dorsal vein of penis:
A

– prostatic venous plexus
– external pudendal vein

52
Q

Neurovascular Supply
Penis: (5)

A
  • Dorsal nerve of penis
  • Perineal nerve
  • Ilio-inguinal nerve
  • Sympathetic fibres
  • Parasympathetic fibres
53
Q

Neurovascular Supply
* Perineal nerve
Structures:

A
  • Bulb & urethra
53
Q

Neurovascular Supply
* Dorsal nerve of penis
Structures:

A
  • Skin & glans (sensory afferent)
54
Q

Neurovascular Supply
* Ilio-inguinal nerve
Structures:

A
  • Skin near root
55
Q

Neurovascular Supply
* Sympathetic fibres
Structures:

A
  • Inferior hypogastric plexus
56
Q

Neurovascular Supply
* Parasympathetic fibres
Structures:

A
  • Pelvic splanchnic
57
Q
A

MBBCh 2- ANAT2020A (60 decks)

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