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MBBCh 2- ANAT2020A > Abdomen Week 2 (C) > Flashcards

Abdomen Week 2 (C) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pancreas?

A
  • The pancreas is an elongated, accessory digestive gland that lies retroperitoneally, overlying and transversely crossing the bodies of the L1 and L2 vertebra (the level of the transpyloric A plane) on the posterior abdominal wall
  • It lies posterior to the stomach between the duodenum on the right and the spleen on the left
  • The transverse mesocolon attaches to its anterior margin
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2
Q

What type of organ is the pancreas?

A
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3
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

A
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4
Q

What are the functions of the liver? (2)

A
  • an exocrine secretion (pancreatic juice from the acinar cells) that enters the duodenum through the main and accessory pancreatic ducts.
  • endocrine secretions (glucagon and insulin from the pancreatic islets [of Langerhans]) that enter the blood
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5
Q

Pancreas

Consists of: (4)

A

▪ Head
▪ Neck
▪ Body
▪ Tail

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6
Q

What is the HEAD of the pancreas? (5)

A
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7
Q

What is the NECK of the pancreas? (3)

A
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8
Q

What is the BODY of the pancreas? (3)

A
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9
Q

What is the TAIL of the pancreas? (3)

A
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10
Q

Pancreas views:

A
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11
Q

What is the main pancreatic duct? (2)

A
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12
Q

What does the main pancreatic duct open into?

A

▪Main pancreatic duct may open into duodenum separately

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13
Q

What does the main pancreatic duct open into?

A

▪Main pancreatic duct may open into duodenum separately

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14
Q

Pancreatic ducts

Sphincters of ducts control flow of ____ and _____ juice.

A

bile
pancreatic

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15
Q

What are the accessory pancreatic ducts? (2)

A
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16
Q

What is the clinical relevance of the smooth muscle sphincters in the pancreas? (3)

A
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17
Q

What is the blood supply of the pancreas?

▪Mainly branches of splenic artery – body and tail
▪Pancreaticoduodenal arteries supply head: (2)

A
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18
Q

What is the venous drainage of the pancreas?

A
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19
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the pancreas?

A
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20
Q

What is the innervation of the pancreas? (3)

A
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21
Q

What is the clinical relevance of pancreatic cancer?

A
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22
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

  • Soft, lobulated greyish-pink gland
  • 12-15cm long and 60-100g in weight
  • Location: (4)
A
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23
Q

Pancreas
* Produces:
o Exocrine secretion =

A
  • Pancreatic juice from acinar cells
  • Enters the duodenum through the main and accessory pancreatic ducts
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24
Q

Pancreas
* Produces:
o Endocrine secretion =

A
  • Glucagon, insulin, somatostatin
  • From the islets of Langerhans
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25
Parts of the pancreas and their relations: Head: Neck: Body: Tail:
26
Parts of the pancreas and their relations: Head: Neck: Body: Tail:
27
Pancreatic ducts: * Main duct (of Wirsung): (5)
28
Pancreatic ducts: Sphincters: (3)
- Sphincter of the pancreatic duct around the terminal part of the pancreatic duct - Choledochal sphincter around the termination of the bile duct - Hepatopancreatic sphincter of Oddi around the hepatopancreatic ampulla
29
Pancreatic ducts: * Accessory (minor) duct of Santorini = (4)
30
PANCREAS Venous drainage = Lymph drainage = innervation =
31
PANCREAS Venous drainage = Lymph drainage = innervation =
32
What is the arterial supply of the pancreas?
33
What is the arterial supply of the pancreas?
34
What is the applied anatomy of the pancreas?
35
What is the shape & colour of the spleen?
▪Ovoid, purplish ~wrap
36
What is the most delicate abdominal organ?
37
Where is the spleen located? (2)
38
TRUE or FALSE The spleen is a mobile organ although it normally does not descend inferior to costal region.
TRUE
39
What are the surfaces of the spleen? (2)
40
What are the borders of the spleen? (3)
41
Spleen - relations: Anteriorly:
Stomach
42
Spleen - relations: Posteriorly:
43
Spleen - relations: inferiorly:
Left colic flexure
44
Spleen - relations: Medially:
Left kidney
45
▪ Connected to ______ curvature of stomach by gastrosplenic lig. ▪ Connected to left kidney by ______ lig.
greater splenorenal
46
▪ Connected to ______ curvature of stomach by gastrosplenic lig. ▪ Connected to left kidney by ______ lig.
greater splenorenal
47
What are the functions of the spleen? (5)
48
What is the spleen capable of?
49
What does the spleen normally contain?
50
Spleen - blood supply: Coeliac trunk ---> Divides into -
51
Spleen - blood supply: ▪Avascular planes between __-___ splenic segments (↓ arterial anastomosis) allows for subtotal _______.
2-3 splenectomy
52
What is the venous drainage of the spleen? (4)
53
What is the lymphatic drainage of the spleen?
54
Spleen - innervation: From coeliac nerve plexus - Sympathetic - Parasympathetic
55
Spleen innervation: ▪Distributed along branches of ______ artery ▪ _______ function
splenic vasomotor
56
What is the clinical relevance of a splenic rupture?
57
What are the main features of the spleen? (3)
58
What is the function of the spleen? (2)
59
What is the location of the spleen?
60
What is the shape of the spleen?
Slightly curved wedge
61
What is the size and weight of the spleen?
62
What is the surface anatomy of the spleen? (3)
63
What are the relations of the spleen? Anterior: Posterior: Inferior: Medial:
64
Relations of the spleen Hilum: (2)
o Tail of pancreas o Splenic vessels, nerves and nodes
65
What are the surfaces and borders of the spleen? (3)
66
What are the ligaments of the spleen? (3)
67
Spleen: Arterial supply = Venous drainage = Lymphatic drainage = Innervation =
68
Spleen: Arterial supply = Venous drainage = Lymphatic drainage = Innervation =
69
What is the combined length of the jejunum and ileum?
6-7m
70
What are the features of the jejunum? (5)
71
What are the features of the ileum? (5)
72
What are the differences between the jejunum and ileum? (9)
73
What is the mesentery? (2)
▪ Fan-shaped fold of peritoneum ▪ Attaches jejunum & ileum to posterior abdominal wall
74
What does the mesentery contain? (4)
75
▪ Mesenteric root runs obliquely from _________ (left of L2) to ileocolic junction (right sacroiliac joint)
duodenojejunal
76
What is the arterial supply of the jejunum and ileum? (4)
77
What is the venous drainage of the jejunum and ileum? (3)
78
What is the lymphatic drainage of the jejunum and ileum? (5)
79
Jejunum and ileum ▪ Superior mesenteric nerve plexus →
periarterial plexus
80
Jejunum and ileum ▪ Sympathetic: (3)
81
Jejunum and ileum ▪ Parasympathetic: (2)
82
Jejunum and Ileum: ▪ Sensory (visceral afferent) ▪ Insensitive to most ____ stimuli stretch ▪ Sensitive to ____
pain distention
83
Jejunum and Ileum: ▪ Sensory (visceral afferent) ▪ Insensitive to most ____ stimuli stretch ▪ Sensitive to ____
pain distention
84
Small intestine * Extent: * Parts:
* Extent: pylorus to ileocecal valve * Parts: duodenum, jejunum and ileum
85
* Jejunum and ileum Small Intestine o are __-___m long o Diminish in diameter ______ termination o Are completely _______
6-7 towards intraperitoneal
86
* Jejunum: proximal ____ after duodenum from duodenojejunal flexure * Ileum: distal ____ to ileocecal junction
2/5 3/5
87
* Jejunum: proximal ____ after duodenum from duodenojejunal flexure * Ileum: distal ____ to ileocecal junction
2/5 3/5
88
What are the locations of the jejunum and ileum?
89
What are the locations of the jejunum and ileum?
90
Distinguishing characteristics of jejunum and ileum in the living body: (9)
91
Mesentery of the small intestine: * Extent: (2)
92
Mesentery of the small intestine: Contents: (4)
93
Small intestine Blood supply: Venous drainage: Lymph drainage: Innervation:
94
What are the functions of the large intestine? (3)
95
What does the large intestine consist of? (5)
96
What does the large intestine consist of? (5)
97
▪Large intestine can be distinguished from small intestine by: (2)
98
▪Large intestine can be distinguished from small intestine by: (2)
99
What are the teniae coli? (3)
100
What are the 3 bands of the large intestine? (3)
101
Large intestine ▪ Merge at _______ junction into a continuous longitudinal layer around rectum
rectosigmoid
102
What are the haustra?
▪ Haustra – sacculations of wall of colon between teniae (teniae shorter)
103
What is the caecum? (2)
▪Blind intestinal pouch continuous with ascending colon (1st part) ▪ ≈7.5 cm in length & breadth
104
Where is the caecum located? (3)
105
Caecum: ▪No _______ (may be displaced from iliac fossa), but commonly bound to lateral abdominal wall by caecal folds of peritoneum
mesentery
106
What is the ileo-caecal valve? (4)
107
What is the Vermiform? (2)
▪Blind intestinal diverticulum (6-10cm long) ▪Contains masses of lymphoid tissue
108
Where does the appendix arise from?
▪Arises from posteromedial aspect of caecum inferior to ileocaecal junction
109
Appendix ▪ Mesoappendix attaches to caecum & ______ appendix ▪ Position is variable, but usually _______
proximal retrocaecal
110
What is the clinical relevance of appendicitis?
111
What are the parts of the colon? (4)
▪ Ascending ▪ Transverse ▪ Descending ▪ Sigmoid
112
What are the parts of the colon? (4)
▪ Ascending ▪ Transverse ▪ Descending ▪ Sigmoid
113
▪ ______ around small intestine
Arch
114
What are the features of the ascending colon? (7)
115
What are the features of the transverse colon? (5)
116
What are the features of the descending colon? (6)
117
What are the features of the sigmoid colon? (7)
118
What is the rectum and anal canal? (5)
119
What is the clinical relevance of the ileostomy and colostomy?
120
Colon - arterial supply ▪ SMA → ileocolic a. (caecum) → ...... ▪ SMA→ileocolic & right colic a. →....... ▪ SMA → middle colic a. (mainly), Right & left colic a. (minor via marginal a.) →......
121
Colon - arterial supply ▪ IMA →
▪ IMA → left colic a. (descending colon) & sigmoid a. (sigmoid colon)
122
Colon - arterial supply ▪ _______ along colic margin forming continuous arterial channel – marginal a. (juxtacolic a.
Anastomose
123
Colon - venous drainage ▪ Caecum & appendix→
Ileocolic v.→SMV→portal v.
124
Colon - venous drainage ▪ Ascending colon→
Ileocolic & right colic veins→SMV→ portal v.
125
Colon - venous drainage ▪ Transverse colon→
▪Transverse colon→Middle colic v.→SMV→portal v.
126
Colon - venous drainage ▪Descending & sigmoid colon →
▪Descending & sigmoid colon →Left colic v. & sigmoid v.→ IMV→splenic v.→portal v.
127
Colon - lymphatic drainage ▪Caecum & appendix →
128
Colon - lymphatic drainage ▪ Ascending colon→
129
Colon - lymphatic drainage ▪ Transverse colon→
130
Colon - lymphatic drainage ▪ Descending & sigmoid colon→
131
Colon - innervation ▪ Caecum, appendix, ascending & transverse colon: ▪ Sympathetic & parasympathetic in superior mesenteric plexus via ______ ________.
periarterial plexuses
132
Colon - innervation ▪ Caecum, appendix, ascending & transverse colon: ▪ Sympathetic –
▪ Sympathetic – Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves (T8-T12)
133
Colon - innervation ▪ Caecum, appendix, ascending & transverse colon: ▪ Parasympathetic –
▪ Parasympathetic – vagus (posterior trunk)
134
Colon - innervation ▪ Descending & sigmoid colon: ▪ Sympathetic & parasympathetic fibers aborad to _____ ______ follow separate routes
splenic flexure
135
Colon - innervation ▪ Descending & sigmoid colon: Sympathetic:
136
Colon - innervation ▪ Descending & sigmoid colon:
137
Large Intestine * Parts: (3)
138
Large intestine: * Omental appendices: (2)
139
Large intestine: * Omental appendices: (2)
140
Large intestine: * Taenia coli: o Longitudinal muscle fibres arranged in 3 bands from base of appendix: (3)
141
Large intestine * Haustra/sacculations:
o Caused by taenia coli being shorter than the other coats
142
Surface anatomy: * Ascending colon:
o upward through right lumbar region, lateral to right MCL.
143
Surface anatomy: * Right colic flexure:
o in upper right angle of intersection of subcostal line & right MCL.
144
Surface anatomy: * Transverse Colon: (3)
145
Surface anatomy: * Transverse Colon: (3)
146
Surface anatomy: * Descending colon:
o courses down through left lumbar region lateral to left MCL as far as iliac crest
147
Surface anatomy: * Left colic flexure:
o in upper left angle of intersection between left MCL & transpyloric lines.
148
Surface anatomy: * Sigmoid Colon:
o line is from end of descending colon to left MCL at level of ASIS
149
What is the caecum? (3)
* Dilated pouch * Continuous superiorly as ascending colon * Extends caudally below ileocecal valve
150
Caecum Location: (4)
151
What is the * Ileocecal valve? (2)
152
What is the * Ileocecal valve? (2)
153
What is the Vermiform appendix? (6)
154
What are the variable positions of the vermiform appendices? (4)
o Retrocecal-most common o Subcecal o Pre-ilealorretro-ileal
155
Vermiform appendix: * The 3 _____ _____ converge on the base of the appendix o Easy guide to it in surgery
taeniae coli
156
Vermiform appendix: * Surface marking:
157
Applied anatomy: appendicitis (3)
158
Referred pain: - region around _______ (T10 spinal nerve)
umbilicus
159
Ascending colon: Extent - Location -
* Narrower than caecum * Extent: Ileocecal orifice to right colic (hepatic) flexure * Location: right lumbar and right hypochondriac regions. * Peritoneum covers anterior and lateral surfaces
160
Transverse colon: (5) Extent:
161
Transverse colon: (5) Extent:
162
Descending colon: (2) Extent:
* Extent: from left colic flexure to end in the sigmoid colon at pelvic inlet * Covered by peritoneum on the anterior and lateral surfaces
163
Sigmoid colon: (3)
164
Sigmoid colon: (3)
165
Blood supply to large intestine: Superior mesenteric: Inferior mesenteric: BRANCH: DISTRIBUTION:
166
Large intestine: Venous drainage =
* Superior and inferior mesenteric vv.
167
Innervation large intestine: * Midgut derivatives:
o Coeliac and superior mesenteric plexuses
168
Innervation large intestine: * Hindgut derivatives: (2)
o Lumbar part of sympathetic trunk o Superior hypogastric plexuses
169
Lymphatics: Caecum and appendix:
ileocolic LN
170
Lymphatics: Ascending colon:
epiploic and paracolic LN
171
Lymphatics: Transverse colon:
middle colic LN
172
Lymphatics: Descending and sigmoid colon:
intermediate colic LN
173
Lymphatics: Descending and sigmoid colon:
intermediate colic LN
174
What is the applied anatomy of the colon? * Colonoscopy - * Volvulus -

MBBCh 2- ANAT2020A (60 decks)

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