T4: Lecture 9 (Cluster A and C) Flashcards
What are the characteristics of a personality disorder?
- Persistent maladaptive/culturally infrequent thoughts/feelings/behaviours
- Inflexible/pervasive across situations
- Significant distress or impairment
- Often tracked back to adolescence
What does Cluster A (odd/eccentric) include?
- Paranoid PD
- Schizoid PD
- Schizotypal PD
What is the general behaviour displayed by Cluster A disorders?
Similar but not as extensive as schizophrenia
What are the symptoms of Paranoid PD?
- Deep suspicion or mistrust of others
- Hypersensitivity, vigilance, caution
- Pathological jealousy
- Control, anger/hostility
What is the defining characteristic of Schizoid PD?
Extreme VOLUNTARY detachment from environment
What are the symptoms of Schizoid PD?
- Persistent avoidance
- Limited emotional expression
- Withdrawn and reclusive
- Less than 1% of population
Is Schizoid PD more common in males of females?
Males
What is the defining characteristic of Schizotypal PD?
Psychoticism- mimic similarly to Schizophrenia but doesn’t range the same levels of delusion or break from reality
What are the symptoms of Schizotypal PD?
- Ideas of reference
- Odd beliefs or magical thinking
- Unusual perceptual experiences
- Odd thinking and speech
- Suspicious or paranoid ideation
- Excessive social anxiety/withdrawal
What is the Etiology for Cluster A?
- Schizoid (conceptually) links to NEGATIVE symptoms of schizophrenia
- Schizotypal (conceptually) linked to POSITIVE symptoms of schizophrenia but are less severe
- Family members of schizophrenia are at increased risk for schizoTYPAL
What does Cluster C (anxious) include?
- Avoidant PD
- Dependent PD
- Obsessive-Compulsive PD
What is the general behaviour displayed by Cluster C disorders?
Anxious and fearful behaviour
What are the symptoms of Avoidant PD?
- Unconformable and inhibited in social situations
- Feelings of inadequacy
- Sensitive to negative evaluation and socially with-drawn to avoid rejection
- Low self esteem
What is the central symptoms of Dependent PD?
Difficulty with separation
What are the symptoms of Avoidant PD?
- Dependent on others making decisions for them
- Clingy and obedient
- Aware of dependence however cannot change behaviour, become distressed over inability to change
