T4: Lecture 8 Flashcards
What percentage of adults drank alcohol in a way that could harm themselves/others in the last year?
20%
Hazardous drinking rates are higher in:
- Maori than NZ Europeans
- Men than women
- Lower SES adults
Hazardous drinking rates are highest in:
Highest in youth ages 18-24
What are the rates of Maori usage in NZ adults for Illicit drug use?
2x more than others
Substance use disorders are linked to
- Serious medical injuries
- Impaired driving resulting in serious injury/death
- Criminal/violent behaviour (over 1/2 of this behaviour occurs under an influence)
What is the DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for Substance Use Disorders?
A problematic pattern of use which impairs functioning including TWO + symptoms over a 12 MONTH PERIOD
- failure to meet obligations (job, school, childcare)
- repeated use in dangerous situations e.g. driving
- repeated relationship problems
- continues use despite problems causes
- building tolerance to substance
- withdrawal symptoms from substance
- substance taken for longer time/in greater amount than intended
- efforts to decreases/control use is ineffective
- time spend acquiring substance is substantial
- impairments to functioning
- cravings
What are Substance Use Disorders diagnosed by?
It’s a substance specific diagnosis
Define addiction
Severe substance use disorder (6+ symptoms)
-Must include TOLERANCE and WITHDRAWAL
Define tolerance
Larger dose required
-Effect of drug decreases
Define Withdrawal
-Psychical or psychological effects when not consuming the product
What are the drug classes?
- Depressants e.g. alcohol -> depresses the prefrontal cortex
- Stimulants e.g. cocaine -> stimulates sympathetic nervous system
- Hallucinogens e.g. acid -> drugs that alter someone’s perception
- Cannabis
What are the gender differences associated with substances?
- MEN more likely to use alcohol and psychotic drugs
- Women more likely to misuse in response to stress, or self-medicate
- Women have lower tolerance to alcohol than men
What is the etiology of Substance Use Disorders
Genetics
-Vulnerability
Behavioural
-Basic reinforcement principles
Sociocultural
-Peer influences
Biochemical factors
-Neurotransmitters e.g. dopamine
What are the treamtents for Substance Use Disorders
Biological treatment (treated as Alcohol Dependence)
- Detoxification
- Antagonist therapy (decrease withdrawals by supplemental drugs)
Aversion Therapy= medicine that gives negative effects after drinking
Motivational thinking=good for individuals unaware of their issue
12-Step Programmes (AA)
What is involved in the 12-Step Programmes
- Self-help programme involving mentoring
- Recommend abstinence as the goal
- Evidence supports efficacy when engages
- High drop out rates
