T4: Lecture 4 Flashcards
What is the diagnostic criteria for Schizophrenia?
TWO + of the following CONTINUOUSLY for SIX MONTHS
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganised Speech
- Grossly Disorganised or Canonic behaviour
- Negative symptoms
What is Catatonia?
A fixed, immobile state, present physically but not mentally
What is a delusion?
A fixed irrational belief an individual will hold despite evidence to the contrary
-A positive symptoms
What are the 6 different types of delusions?
- Persecution=someone out to harm/victimise them
- Grandeur=having powers, ability to fly, being a God
- Reference=believing other objects are communicating with them e.g. TV
- Erotomania=someone is in love with you
- Somantic=something medically wrong, despite not medical evidence
- Nihilistic=world ending
What are the two categorisations of Delusions?
- Bizarre (unusual, almost impossible)
2. Non-bizarre (not the truth, but could be plausible)
What are hallucinations?
Sensory experiences that aren’t real
-A positive symptom
What are the 5 types of hallucinations?
- Auditory (most common)
- Visual- distortion of visual perceptions
- Olfactory (rare)
- Gustatory (taste, rare)
- Tactile (sensation)
What are the 6 associated experiences with Disorganised Speech or Thought?
- Loose associations=speaking in stream of consciousness, incoherent
- Neologisms=making up new words
- Clang associations=rhyming manner
- Echolalia=repeating what’s being said to them
- Echopraxia=mimicking non-verbal behaviour of someone
- Word Salad=non-understandable speaking, incoherent
What are the 5 negative symptoms associated with Schizophrenia?
- Affective Flattening=shallow emotions, not expressing but still feeling
- Alogia=poverty of speech
- Thought Blocking=difficult expressing what they are thinking in a coherent way
- Avolition=lack of drive/motivation
- Anheodonia=inability to experience pleasure
What is the course of Schizophrenia throughout life?
- PRODROMAL = young adults. Experience more -ve symptoms, social anxiety, pseudo +ve symptoms
- ACTIVE = all symptoms
- RESIDUAL = +ve and disorganised symptoms minimised. -ve symptoms remain
- Typically chronic
What are three other psychotic disorders?
- Schizophreniform Disorder
- Schizoaffective Disorder
- Delusional Disorder
What is Schizophreniform Disorder?
- Short duration of symptoms
- Good prognosis
What is Schizoaffective Disorder?
- Independent symptoms of Schizophrenia and Mood Disorder
- Prognosis similar to Schizophrenia
- NOTE=mood disorder with psychotic features
What is Delusional Disorder?
- Delusions for 1 MONTH +
- If hallucinations present, they are directly related to delusion
- Few/no -ve symptoms
- Less observable symptoms
- Rare
- Better prognosis
What are the subtypes of Delusional Disorder?
- Erotomaniac
- Grandiose
- Jealous
- Persecutory
- Somatic
- Mixed
- Unspecified
