Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC112 > T4: Lecture 3 > Flashcards

T4: Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for Major Depressive Episode (MDE)?

A
  • FIVE or more of the following in a TWO WEEK PERIOD
  • Must include depressed mood OR loss of interest
    1. depressed mood most of the day
    2. diminished interest/pleasure in most activities
    3. significant weight loss/gain (>5% change)
    4. insomnia or hypersomnia
    5. psychomotor agitation retardation (difficulty controlling energy levels)
    6. Fatigue or loss of energy
    7. Feelings of worthlessness/excessive guilt
    8. Diminished ability to think/concentrate, indecisive
    9. Recurrent thoughts of death/suicidal ideation/plan/attempt

-Cannot be due to substance/medical condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two depressive disorders in the DSM-5?

A
  1. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

2. Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the prevalence of these disorders?

A
  • Common
  • MDD more likely in women than men
  • In PDD the gender difference isn’t as big
  • No difference between Maori and Pakeha
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two Biochemical factors in depression?

A
  1. Neurotransmitters (receptor sensitivity)

2. Hormones (dysregulation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is norepinephrine linked to?

A

To energy and reward seeking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is serotonin linked to?

A

To mood, memory, concentration, sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is dopamine linked to?

A

To rewarding stimuli, pleasure seeking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

(hormones) what is hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis linked to?

A

Stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the pathway of interpreting and reacting to stress in the brain?

A

Stressor->amygdala (perceives stress) ->HPA ->Cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the three brain abnormalities associated with depression?

A
  1. Emotions projecting into the prefrontal cortex
  2. Emotional regulation system
  3. Left frontal hemisphere Asymmetry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does the limbic system project into?

A

The prefrontal cortex

-Seritonergic pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the four emotional regulation systems?

A
  1. Amygdala (emotional importance)
  2. Subgenual anterior cingulate (emotional regulation)
  3. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (emotional regulation)
  4. Hippocampus ( emotional regulation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens in Left Frontal Hemisphere Asymmetry?

A

The right side of the frontal lobe is more activated than the left
-The left side is associated with positive thought and relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is life stress?

A

Stress is the relationship between a person and environment thats APPRAISED by the person as taking/exceeding resources, or endangering their well being

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the Diathesis-Stress model?

A

That it’s not just stress, but also individuals are more biologically vulnerable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do Cognitive Theories say can attribute to depression?

A

Negative thoughts and beliefs -> depression

17
Q

What did Aaron Beck say about individuals with depression?

A

That individuals have a set way to interpret negative events that lead to depressive symptoms

18
Q

What is hopelessness in terms of depression?

A

That people have a thinking style that MAINTAINS the depressive symptoms

19
Q

What is rumination in terms of depression?

A

Individuals continuously thinking over events negatively which reinforces the negative thoughts

20
Q

What does Aaron Beck’s negative triad consist of?

A

Having negative beliefs about

  1. Self
  2. World
  3. Future
21
Q

In Aaron Beck’s negative thought triad, what are some of the thought distortions?

A
  • Automatic negative thinking way:
    1. Should-ing
    2. Over-generalisation
    3. Unfair comparisons
    4. Discounting positives
    5. Black/white thinking
22
Q

Beck’s Cognitive Therapy includes four phases, what are they?

A
  1. Increase activities that elevate mood
  2. Challenge automatic thoughts
  3. Identify negative thinking and biases
  4. Change primary attitudes/schemas
23
Q

What do anti-depressent drugs target?

A

Neurotransmitter pathways

24
Q

What 3 drugs are commonly used as anti-depressents?

A
  1. MAD (monoamine oxidase) inhibitors: MAD breaks down neurotransmitters by inhibiting this means more neurotransmitters
  2. Tricyclics: affects serotonin/norepinephrine. Large side effects
  3. Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors: also affects serotonin/norepinephrine. Lighter side effects

PSYC112 (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions