T4: Lecture 1 Flashcards
What is psychopathology?
Study of mental health disorders
What are the 5 elements of abnormal behaviour?
- Infrequency
- Deviance
- Distress
- Disability
- Danger
What is meant by infrequency in terms of abnormal behaviour?
Statistical infrequency among the population, doesn’t exist in ‘normal individuals’
What is meant by deviance in terms of abnormal behaviour?
Behaviours are abnormal if the behaviour deviates from social standards
What did Thomas Szasz say about mental disorders in terms of deviance?
That mental disorders are societal projections on individuals who don’t conform to social standards
What is meant by distress in terms of abnormal behaviour?
People are suffering and have desire to discontinue their behaviour
For individuals to have distress about their symptoms what do they have about their situation?
They have insight into their symptoms
What is meant by disability in terms of abnormal behaviour?
Behaviours/emotions/thoughts impair individuals from functioning
What is meant by danger in terms of abnormal behaviour?
Presenting harm to self or others
What are the 5 types of psychological treatments?
- Psychodynamic (analytic)
- Behavioural
- Humanistic
- Cognitive-Behavioural
- Inter-grated Electic
What does psychodynamic treatment focus on?
The past
Psychodynamic: What is the view of behaviour?
The it is driven/motivated by powerful unconscious inner forces
Psychodynamic: What are psychological difficulties seen to be caused by?
Psychological difficulties as stemming from unresolved tension based on early life trauma/conflicts/frustrations/deprivations
Psychodynamic: What is the goal?
- Identify subconscious ‘hidden blocks’ that have developed as result of past conflicts
- Guide patients to discover relationship between root cause and current symptoms
Behavioural: What is the focus?
On the present
Behavioural: What do they work on?
Modify problem behaviour through conditioning principles
Behavioural: What treatment techniques are focussed on?
- Exposure
- Reinforcement
- Ignoring
- Punishment
Behavioural: What is the goal?
- Extinguish non-productive/upsetting behaviours
- Reinforce desirable behaviours
Cognitive: What is the focus?
Focuses on HOW and WHAT we think
Cognitive: What do they claim influences how we feel about a situation?
How we interpret a situation (thought) influences how we feel about the situation
-Thoughts->emotions
Cognitive: What is the goal?
- Identify maladaptive thoughts
- Challenge these thoughts
- Replace with more adaptive thoughts
Humanistic: What is the focus?
Focus on teaching patient to seek fulfilment and reach potential
-Self actualisation
Humanistic: What is the goal?
Help the patient discover then achieve their potential
What is electic therapy?
Involves techniques from various therapies to have treatment best suited to the case
