T4: Lecture 7 Flashcards
Why is it difficult to define a childhood disorder?
- Children are more likely to act out than seek help
- Certain degree of deviance and irrotational behaviour is typical in normal development
- Some disorders cause little/no conscious distress
What is the diagnostic criteria for Intellectual Disability?
- Onset BEFORE AGE 18
- Deficits in intellectual functioning determined by intelligence testing (around 2 standard deviations below mean) and as appropriate for social/cultural context
- Deficits in adaptive functioning
- > communication, social, practical
What are different types of intellectual disabilities based on?
Based on deficits (mild/moderate/severe/profound)
What is the etiology for Intellectual Disability
Genetic Abnormality
- Down Syndrome
- Fragile X syndrome
Metabolic Abnormalities
- PKU
- Tay-Sachs disease
Prenatal/postnatal complications
- Drug exposure e.g. fetal alcohol syndrome
- Anoxia at birth i.e cord around neck
Autism: What are the deficits in social communication?
- Non-verbal behaviours used, some individuals are mute
- Development in peer relationships is poor
- Social and emotional reciprocity is uncommon
Autism: What are examples of restricted/repetitive behaviour patterns?
- Stereotypic, repetition of speech
- Excessive adherence to routine, rituals
- Very restricted interests with abnormal focus
- Hypo or hyper reactivity to sensory input
Autism: Epidemiology
- Symptoms recognised during SECOND YEAR OF LIFE
- 4x more common in boys than girls
- No set period of development
- Less than 1% of population
Autism: Etiology
Genetics
-Highly heritable
Brain abnormalities
- Cerebellum, lymbic system, amygdala, white matter
- Neurotransmitter abnormalities
Prenatal/birthing factors
- -Drug exposure e.g. fetal alcohol syndrome
- Anoxia at birth i.e cord around neck
Parenting/Social Stress
Autism: what is the treatment?
- Modelling of social behaviours and operant conditioning
- Communication training
- Parent training
- Community integration
What behaviour is Externalising Disorders associated with?
With maladaptive behaviours
What other Disorders are types of Externalising Disorders?
- ADHD
- Oppositional defiant disorder
- Conduct disorder
What is the diagnostic criteria for ADHD
- Inattention
- Hyperactivity
- Impulsivity
What are the three subtypes of ADHD?
- Predominantly INATTENTIVE type
- Predominantly HYPERACTIVE IMPULSIVE type
- COMBINED type
What are the behaviours associated with Inattention?
Difficulties are beyond individuals control and disproportionate to normal development
- Easily distracted
- Can’t sustain attention
- Makes many careless mistakes
- Difficulty listening
- Difficulty organising
- Loses things
- Forgetful
- Avoids attention requiring tasks
- Doesn’t follow through on instructions
What are the behaviours associated with Hyperactivity/impulsivity?
- Fidgits
- Leaves seat when sitting expected
- Runs/climbs excessively
- Difficulty playing quietly
- ‘On the go’
- Talks excessively
- Blurts out answers
- Difficulty waiting their turn
- Interrupts or intrudes on others