T3: Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

When Zimbardo initiated guards what type of language did he use and what was the effect of this?

A

He used the terms ‘we’, ‘us’, ‘they’ which created a different
-Exhortions of control and creating fear in prisoners encouraged toxic behaviour in guards

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2
Q

What were the three distinct phases of the experiment?

A
  1. Settling in period
  2. Guards took authoritative positions more seriously
  3. Guards become galvinised
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3
Q

What happened in the ‘settling in period’?

A
  • Guards and prisoners were not fully in their roles
  • Guards appeared awkward/uncomfortable in the role
  • Prisoners didn’t take it seriously, made fun of the guards
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4
Q

What happened in the ‘guards took positions more seriously’ phase?

A
  • Participants put in the hole (solitary confinement)

- Created shared grievances amongst prisoners->rebelled against the guards

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5
Q

What happened in the ‘guards becoming galvanised’ phase?

A
  • Rebelling prisoners punished, well behaved prisoners rewarded with privileges
  • Guards became increasingly brutal
  • One prisoner had an emotional breakdown
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6
Q

What does this study suggest?

A

Ordinary can be transformed by immediate context to perform brutality

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7
Q

What did Carnahan and Macfarland investigate?

A
  • Investigated if there were unusual character aspects to type of volunteers participating in similar studies
  • Compared personality profiles of people who agreed to partake
  • Those agreeing
  • > Authoritarian, narcissistic, socially dominant
  • > Less empathetic and altruistic
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8
Q

What were the characteristic split between the guards?

A
  • 1/3 became sadistic towards prisoners
  • 1/3 were fair
  • 1/3 were kind
  • Some guards saw themselves as research assistants
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9
Q

In Lovibond et al study what were the findings/method?

A
  • Prison study under 3 conditions
    1. Democratic
    2. Participatory
    3. Authoritarian
  • 1 and 2 were, prisoners were respected
  • 3 the guard behaviour became toxic
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10
Q

What were the findings from Reicher and Haslam’s study?

A
  • Guards weren’t told what to do, causing them to disagree about their roles
  • Prisoners developed shared sense of identify and resisted the guards
  • Guards became disillusion, prisoners developed a sense of efficacy
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11
Q

For people to take on roles what conditions have to be met?

A
  • Have to identify with the role

- Have to incorporate into sense of self

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12
Q

Shared sense of identity in High Status groups vs Low status groups

A
  • HIGH: can lead to brutality when promoted by tyrannical leader
  • LOW: can allow resist of oppression rather than succumb to it
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13
Q

What does interaction between persona and context lead to?

A

Tyranny and resistance

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14
Q

How is interaction dynamic?

A
  • Context transforms individuals
  • Individuals transform content through capacity to represent, lead, and mobilise people
  • People have the capacity to support or resist tyranny
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