T2: Lecture 5 Flashcards
Define Gender Identity
One’s private sense of male/femaleness
Define Gender Roles
Cultural expectations about ways men/women should behave
Define Gender Stereotypes
Beliefs about differences in the behaviours, abilities, and personality traits of males and females
At what age are gender type preferences first seen?
18 months
At what age do children become aware of their gender?
Age 3
What can 3 year olds understand in terms of gender?
- Can assign gender but it’s limited e.g. girls=everyone with long hair
- Knowledge of their gender
- Firm preference for different toys/same sex friends
What do 3 year olds not understand about gender?
That it is constant
At what age do children have knowledge of gender consistency?
Age 5
What is the biological explanation for difference in gender?
Male sex hormones on the developing (prenatal) brain
Prenatal exposure to extra testosterone has what effect?
Male-like behaviours in females
What happens when male foetuses are deprived of testostrone?
Males behave more feminine
Maternal stress is linked to
Decreased womb testosterone
What is relational aggression
The way females tend to show aggression, essentially verbal petty-ness
Broca’s and Wernicke’s area are larger in
Females
Testosterone plays a role in
Spatial ability
Increased levels of testosterone in females (spacial ability)
Better spatial ability
Decreased levels of testosterone in males (spatial ability)
Decreased spatial ability
Testosterone in women fluctuates with what?
A period cycle
What is Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?
- Females who are genetically and morphologically females
- The adrenal glands produces more testosterone and external organs are male
With which gender do individuals with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia identify with?
Male
