T2: Lecture 3 Flashcards
(criticism of Piaget theory-Babies don’t seem to start blank slate) - SPACE and OBJECTS
What is the Visual Cliff?
Getting babies to crawl across a piece of glass, either has table mat under it or not
What does reluctance in the Visual Cliff experiment show?
Ability to perceive depth
(criticism of Piaget theory-Babies don’t seem to start blank slate) - SPACE and OBJECTS
What is the effect of Occlusion experiment?
Habituation procedure used to measure what’s novel
- > infants prefer novel things
- > Once habituated, pay less attention
- > use this to determine which stimulus perceived as more novel
Babies as young as X can perceive the habituation/Occlusion principle
4 months old
When does the understanding of Support develop?
Develops gradually by 6 months
What can the ‘A not B error’ represent?
A difficulty over-ridding a motor habit
(criticism of Piaget theory-Babies don’t seem to start blank slate) - Number and Mathematical Reasoning
What did Piaget say about children’s concept or number?
Said that infants have no concept of number or ability to conserve until around 6yrs
-However 6 month olds show understanding of number
(criticism of Piaget theory-Babies don’t seem to start blank slate) - Social Cognition
What do new borns prefer to look at?
Faces rather than scrambled faces
At 9 months old what will they do in terms of direction of mother’s gaze
They will look in the direction of their mother’s gaze and change the direction of their own gaze.
-Shows an understanding of different perspectives
At what age will infants start to imitate facial expressions?
3 weeks old
At what age do children show understanding of intentions?
6 months old
-They will stare more at changed intention than changed reach
(criticism of Piaget theory-Cognitive Dev isn’t all/nothing)
What do numerical skills in pre-schoolers show?
That children younger than Piaget’s claimed 6yrs can conserve numbers.
-Children younger than 6 can conserve the task if it is relevant
(criticism of Piaget theory-Cognitive Dev isn’t all/nothing)
What does social cognition in preschoolers show that conflicts egocentrism?
- Piaget said egocentrism was prevalent until 7yrs
- However 3-4yr olds can pass a diorama when relevant
- Children ages 2-3 will turn the book around for someone to see it
What is the Theory of Mind? (TOM)
Group skills relating to the understanding of existence of other peoples minds
e.g. intention, dislikes/likes
In the TOM experiment with and 18month old and a 14 month old, what happened?
14 months old gave experiment what they like
18 months old gave experimenter what the lady wanted
