t- cannabis

Question 1

phytocannabinoids (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol)

Answer 1

structurally different but pharmacologically similar to bodys endocannabinoids

Question 2

glandular trichomes

Answer 2

hair like strands that secrete

packed into buds at the top of the flower

Question 3

cannabidiol

Answer 3

(CBD) non psychoactive component that may have therapeutic properties
anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anxiolytic

Question 4

hash

Answer 4

very concentrated purified, dabs

butane extracted hash oil- BHO: shatter

Question 5

anandamide

Answer 5

N-acachidonyl ethalomide (AE) or 2-arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG) endocanabinoids synthesized from phospholipids in cell membranes
implicated in hunger pathways (BOTH CNS and PNS)

Question 6

EXTRACTED: nabiximols (trade name Sativex)
SYNTHETICS: nabilone (cesamat)
dronabinol (marinol)

Answer 6

• buccal spray developed to treat MS symptoms
  neuropathic pain/spacitisity
• orally administered tablets used to treat AIDs related anorexia and nausea

Question 7

SYNTHETIC RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST: rimonabant (Acomplia)

Answer 7

• blocks CB1 receptors and acts as an inverse agonist to facilitate effects opposite of cannabinoid agonists
• appetite suppressnat and anti obesity

Question 8

recreational synthaocannabinoids- herbal incense

Answer 8

compounds sold as synthetic marijuana to be smoked for recreational use
dont contain cannabis plant material
uneven distribution making dosages unpredictable

Question 9

absorption

Answer 9

oral- low bioavailbility due to lipid solubility and water insolubility, increased when added oil/fat
inhalation- rapidly absorped into respiratory tract
but do lose product through smoke
spray - pharmaceutical use, slower absorption and bioavailability

Question 10

distribution

Answer 10

quickly removed from body
depends on rate of blood flow
long term storage in body fat - not in brain

Question 11

elminiation

Answer 11

some metabolism in lungs, some in intestines
most occurs in liver - CYC p450 enzymes
metabolite: 11-OH-THC
once broken down they are attached to O-esterglucoronide
can last 4 days to a few weeks

Question 12

CBD role in metabolism

Answer 12

doesnt have psychotropic effects but can inhibit CYP2C9 on THC breakdown and prolonging it

Question 13

neuropharmacology of THC

Answer 13

high affinity selective cannabinoid receptor in brain tissue - CB1& CB2
G protein coupled receptors that inhibits adenylyl cyclase reducing cAMP and PKA also inhibits Ca channels leading to hyperpolarization and inhibit transmitter release

Question 14

cannabinoid receptors in body

Answer 14

CB1- primarily responsible for CNS on presynaptic terminals
mediate the psychoactive effects of THC (euphoria)
CB2- primarily in PNS, play a role in immune system

Question 15

synthesizing endocannabinoids

Answer 15

not packaged in vesicles , made on demand
functions as a modulator of other NTs
increase firing of dopamine neurons in striatum (by inhibiting GABA)

Question 16

effects on body

Answer 16

bloodshot eyes- dilation of blood vessels, dry mouth, hunger, increase HR, muscle relaxation

Question 17

effects on sleep

Answer 17

causes fatigue and dowsiness at low doses

can cause restlessness and insomnia in high doses

Question 18

effects on perception

Answer 18

disrupt sensory function - can intensify or distort visual or auditory
mild synesthesia
temporal disintegration- altering of thinking processes

Question 19

creativity

Answer 19

enhanced creativity may be explained by blood flow to the right hemisphere of the brain

Question 20

aggression

Answer 20

those given low doses responded most aggressively comapred to those given high doses

Question 21

memory

Answer 21

high density of Cb1 receptors in hippcampus
affects verbal and episodic short term emmory
disruption of ability to recall words
tolerance to this in heavy users
shows greater activity in the area to achieve baseline

Question 22

driving

Answer 22

negatively impacts coordination, sensory, motoor and therefor driving
direct attention toward themselves and fail to attend to task

Question 23

titration

Answer 23

users titrate dose by altering smoking behavior

Question 24

THC as an antiemetic

Answer 24

drug that stops nausea and vomitting

Question 25

cachexia

Answer 25

wasting and malnutrition that occurs in AIDS

Question 26

cannabis on diseases

Answer 26

glaucoma, parkinsons, tourettes, huntingtons, crohns, sleep disorders

Question 27

harmful effects

Answer 27

• no receptors in brainstem so no effect on breathing/overdose
• synthocannabinoid can cause seizures, heart attack, paranoia, anxiety
• can induce mental disturbance/psychosis (CBD may counteract)

Question 28

what has an effect on developing scizophrenia

Answer 28

age of exposure
endocanabanoids regulate synaptic pruning during adolescence
may potentiate an underlying genetic predisposition

Question 29

which study is best to examine marijuana use and IQ

Answer 29

longitudinal- allows time progression (but correlational)

- found intelligence was imparied when introduced to cannabis in adolescence and continued use

Question 30

amotivational syndrome

Answer 30

change in life style, ambitions, motivation and personality

• unable to expereince pleasure
• negatively impacts attention and memory

Question 31

common factor model

Answer 31

individuals have a random propensity to drugs correlated with risk of oppurtunity and probability that isnt related to hard drug use

Question 32

tolerance

Answer 32

pharmacodybanuc - develop rapidly and diminish rapidly

Question 33

withdrawal

Answer 33

mainly psychological
more sever in synthaocannabinoids due to high affinity of CB1 agonist over partial agonist (THC)
antipsychotics may eleviate