administration and distribution Flashcards
definition of drug: psychoactive substance
any chemical entity or mixture of entities other than those required for normal health (food) the administration of which alters biological function and possibly structure
how does a drug get into the body
at sites of action
- body tissue affected by the chemical
what does the method of administration determine?
how much - routes, enzymes, metabolism
how quickly- systems, chemical properties and BBB
oral (administration)
injest–> digestive system–> absorption factors: stomach contents, drug form, lipid solubility
MOST COMMON ROUTE
pros and cons of oral administration
pros- convenient, least expensive, safest
cons- slow absorption, delayed feedback, variability of absorption
absorption (administration)
membrane –> blood stream
transdermal, suppository, insufflation, sublingual
factors: hydration
pros and cons of absorption
pros- rapid
cons- irritation, variable absorption
inhalation (administration)
nose–> lungs–> bloodstream
smoking, vaporous inhalation
potential factors: chronic respiratory disease
inhalation pros and cons
pros- extremely fast absorption
cons- short lasting, respiratory irritation/damage, risk or brain damage
3 types of parenteral administration
- subcutaneous
- intramuscular
- intravenous
subcutaneous - parenteral pros and cons
pros- easiest, doesn’t hurt as much
cons- slowest of parenteral, skin irritation/deterioration
intramuscular - parenteral pros and cons
pros- require less dexterity, more rapid (enzymes are present)
cons- risk of piercing vein, injection painful
intravenous - parenteral pros and cons
pros- fastest absorption, immediate effects, accurate dosages
cons- collapsed veins, cannot be recalled/annulled, can be lethal, infectious disease transmission
what causes a collapsed vein
after being punctured too many times the body attacks and removes vein
