hallucinogens Flashcards
positive connotations of hallucinogens
psychedelic
- mind expanding
- ritualized in cultures
entheogenic
generate the divine within
religious experience
positive connotations
negative connotations for hallucinogens
mind disrupting mind dissolving
disruptive to the brains usual processing
psychotomimetic
having the appearance of psychosis
reflect symptomologies of other disorders
negative connotations
operational definition of hallucinogen
chemical that induces perceptions of something that does not exist in the environment
- most distort reality but don’t create hallucination (illusionigenic)
illusionigenic
creating illusions from sensory input
how do you classify the difference between hallucinations from toxicity (delirium) and hallucinogens
potency of hallucinogens separates them from delirium of toxicity
psychedelics
brains “filter” being disabled by the drug
images cannot be seen because of the filter of the brain are seen because drug removes it
dissociatives
physical numbing
analgesia, amnesia and anesthesia
psychological detachment
derealization
perception of a dream like state or unreal
depersonalization
detached or removed from the body (out-of-body) one with the universe
deliriant
confusion, inability to control behaviour and often rage
difference between toxic and deliriant
if a small amount causes- deliriant
if a large amount causes- toxic
what are the 3 psychological effects of hallucinogens
- Psychedelic
- Dissociative
- Deliriant
structural similarity: serotonin
LSD/DMT
structural similarity: norepinephrine
esctacy/mescalines
structural similarity: acetylcholine
scopolamine
structural similarity: no similarity
PCP, ketamine salvia
legal status o hallucinogen
schedule 3: legal to possess/ licence
illegal to produce/ traffic
sensory distoritions
not creating something that doesn’t exist, alter what exists in environment
visual- colours contrast size
auditory- amplified but unclear
smell taste touch
synesthesia
crossing of sensory modality
can taste the counter by touching it- activation areas bleed out in the other areas of the brain
2 stages of hallucinations
1- visual images can be seen with eyes closed
geometric patterns (serotonin)
2- meaningful images of people/animal/places
change rapidly and recognized as not real (glutamate)
interpret sensory distortions into higher order cognitions
