PCP and ketamine

Question 1

ketamine intake

Answer 1

intake- insufflation, inhalation, injection

ingestion is reserved for assault

Question 2

phencyclidine intake

Answer 2

insufflation or inhalation
embalming fluid: oil that cigarettes are dipped into
angel dust: crystals ground and sprinkled with oregano and smoked
killer joints (sherms): mixed with weed

Question 3

low dosage PCP and ketamine

Answer 3

serotonin and dopamine reuptake inhibitor
- leaves more NT in synapse
partial agnoist for 5HT-2A and D2

Question 4

high dosage PCP and ketamine

Answer 4

acetylcholine antagonist (amnesia)

nicotinic: muscle
muscarinic: memory

Question 5

both low and high dosages

Answer 5

NMDA (glutamate) receptor antagonist: hallucinogenic effects
long term potentiation- lasting strengthening of synaptic connections due to repeated firing
disrupts long term by emulating stop signal
disordered learning

Question 6

effects

Answer 6

low dose: drunk-like state, anesthetic, numbness

moderate: disconnected from environment, dissociated
high: sympathomimetic, hallucinations, disordered thinking

Question 7

keyhole

Answer 7

experience simulating near-death

seeing the world through a keyhole

Question 8

what is the glutamate hypothesis

Answer 8

disordered glutamate associated with dopamine shows symptoms of schizophrenia

Question 9

effects (all doses)

Answer 9

superhuman strength or invulnerability 
- analgesia 
megalomania
- delusions of being god-like
long term depression
- system slowing down chronically 
- antagonism of glutamate receptors leading to deficits in memory/speech/logic 
- schizophrenia - like psychosis

Question 10

tolerance

Answer 10

separating by a few days prevents tolerance
prolonged intake requires higher doses
- down regulation of Ach receptors but takes time

Question 11

dependance: physical

Answer 11

PCP: effects on dopaminergic centres, could be brain damage
ketamine: no physical dependance documented

Question 12

dependance: psychological

Answer 12

cravings have been observed

related to euphoria

Question 13

what is ketamine psychedelic therapy

Answer 13

ketamine given to treatment resistant MDD patients
found that one dose of ketamine resulted in alleviation of depressive symptoms within a week and lasted more than a week
- sucide idealation diminished in 40 minutes

Question 14

what is the glucocorticoid theory

Answer 14

inhibition of glutamate at NDMA allows for glutamate to bind elsewhere and facilitate BDNF