effects, dose response curves and interactions

Question 1

what is the drug effect

Answer 1

subjective

depends on the purpose of drug intake

Question 2

what is primary effect

Answer 2

the reason you took the drug, targets sight of action

Question 3

what is the secondary effect

Answer 3

an effect caused by the drug that targets elsewhere from the SOA

Question 4

what is a side effect

Answer 4

an effect caused by the metabolite of the drug that targets elsewhere from the SOA

Question 5

what is prodrug effect

Answer 5

an effect caused by the metabolite at the sight of action that is a precursor to the drug

Question 6

what is enzyme inhibition

Answer 6

drug B blocks the enzyme
is additive for the drug b/c the drug A won’t be broken down- large effect if drug causes
antagonistic to the metabolites because they aren’t created- small effect if metabolites cause

Question 7

what is enzyme induction

Answer 7

drug B helps the enzyme
is antagonistic for the drug b/c it is broken down- small effect if drug causes
is additive to the metabolites b/c more are created- larger effect if metabolites cause

Question 8

what causes enzyme inhibition

Answer 8

the enzyme is physically blocked or it decomposes

can be dangerous because body needs enzymes

Question 9

what causes enzyme induction

Answer 9

production is facilitated

enzyme becomes “active”

Question 10

what is potency (relative)

Answer 10

the amount of drug required to produce a given effect

Question 11

what is the relative potency between brain/liver

Answer 11

drugs are less potent in the central nervous system

brain needs same amount for less effect

Question 12

what is intrinsic activity (relative)

Answer 12

the efficacy compared to the drug with “maximum” efficacy

Question 13

what is efficacy (absolute)

Answer 13

the max response achievable for a specific dose

Question 14

what is effectiveness (absolute)

Answer 14

the ability to produce a given effect

Question 15

what is the therapeutic window

Answer 15

level of drug as a function of time - important for maintaining activity of medication over time

Question 16

what is the therapeutic index

Answer 16

LD50/ED50 - how safe a drug is

want a HIGH LD and LOW ED = large number

Question 17

what is the protective index

Answer 17

TD50/ED50 - how safe a drug is for human consumption

TI for humans, doesn’t look at lethality- looks at discomfort

Question 18

what is the cecertain safety factor

Answer 18

LD1/ED99 -how safe a drug is

Question 19

drug interactions

Answer 19

one drug affects the efficacy of another

Question 20

what factors are involved in drug interactions

Answer 20

absorption - motility/solubility
transport- toxicity
metabolization - enzyme induction or inhibition

Question 21

what is the purpose of using avocados as poison control

Answer 21

very high in fat- drugs attach themselves to fat and hit intestines, too much fat enters and body will release

Question 22

what is pharmacological antagonism

Answer 22

diminished or reduced effect in the presence of another drug, can be competitive or non competitive

Question 23

what is competitive binding

Answer 23

drug B binds to the receptor sites of drug A

need more of drug A to achieve max result

Question 24

what is non-competitive binding

Answer 24

drug B binds to an allosteric site of the receptor

Question 25

what is physiological antagonism

Answer 25

a substance that produces an effect that counteracts drug but does not bind to receptor site or affect drug itself ex. Tylenol constricts vasculature which affects BP, caffeine increases BP! both can cure migraine

Question 26

synergism

Answer 26

the additive effect of a drug is greater than the sum

Question 27

potentiation

Answer 27

drug with no effect becomes extremely effective in the presence of another drug ex. taking an upper and a downer
metabolites interact and may become toxic