attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder Flashcards
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- developmental neuropsychiatric disorder
impairment of growth/development in childhood - neurological abnormality resulting in impaired ability to function
anatomically based
3 subtypes of ADHD
- inattentive (ADD)
distracted/disorganized, forgetful, no vigilant concentration - hyperactive/impulsive
fidgity/restless, hyperactivity, cognitive alertness - combined
most common type
vigilant concentration
staying on task- monitoring rules, updating system
locus coeruleus/basal forebrain –> norepinepherine
less NT has less perseverance
cognitive alertness
orienting/noticing
detection- monitoring, reaction
sensory awareness/ ability to ignore stimuli
hyperfocus
intensive concentration on interesting and non-routine activities accompanied by temporarily diminished perception of environment
- depleted serotonin
methylphenidate
ritalin: reuktake inhibitor of dopamine/norepinepherine
more potent inhibitor than cocaine because more dopamine is available
- enters brain slowly so no euphoria and less abuse potential
experiments on ritalin
no difference in reaction time or accuracy
adhd had more false alarms and misses- delayed processing mechanism
dextroamphetamine
dexedrine, adderall:
financed by Air Force for sustained flight
right rotating- psychostimulant but don’t vasoconstrict
adderall is left and right
dextroamphetamines as agonists
dexedrine, adrenal
- dopamine transport reversed (dumps out dopamine)
- leaky vesicles (allows more dopamine dumped)
- norepinephrine and dopamine
ADHD medication abuse potential
lethargy, lack of motivation, depression
can be gateway drug - increase in impulsivity
study aid - improve performance on boring/difficult tasks
cocaine and ADHD
shorter time to produce euphoria than ritalin
less aversive effects and less dangerous than bath salts
