opioids

Question 1

where is opium derived

Answer 1

sap derived from the poppy

Question 2

difference between analgesic vs narcotic

Answer 2

pain relieving vs opium based

Question 3

how is opium intake (heroin and morphine)

Answer 3

oral: mood alleviation, cough suppression
inhalation: euphoria
intravenous: euphoria, pain relief

Question 4

stages of opium injection

Answer 4

stage 1: rush, intense euphoria - tingling warmth
stage 2: tranquil drowsiness
stage 3: withdrawal (4+ later)

Question 5

fentanyl origin

Answer 5

first drug to go straight from Asia to North America
designed - 100x more potent than morphine but doesn’t produce euphoria
orally, transdermal, insufflation

Question 6

what is the problem with insufflation

Answer 6

the faster it hits the system the more likely to have respiratory depression

Question 7

desomorphine

Answer 7

sedation and analgesia
8x more potent than morphine
synthesized from codeine
reduced from gasoline/iodine/phosphorus

Question 8

opium as an agonist

Answer 8

endogenous neuropeptides

1. cleavage: separates the molecule into separate changes
   - internal enzymatic action
   - active metabolite
2. G protein metabotropic receptor
   - return neutrons to resting potential sooner by allowing K to influx inwards

Question 9

mechanism of opium as an agonist

Answer 9

1. GABA receptor antagonist
   VTA- suppression of inhibitory response on dopamine receptors
   NA- activation of u opiod receptor that inhibit GABA neutrons (allows dopamine to be released in VTA and enhance dopaminergic response)

Question 10

inhibitory mechanism of opium

Answer 10

inhibit nociception
ao and c fibers are inhibited
glutamate and substance p sensory pain signals
dulling or blunting of pain

Question 11

tolerance of opium

Answer 11

dose dependant
system down regulates the more you use
tolerance to analgesia, euphoria, respiratory depression

Question 12

withdrawal

Answer 12

lasts 5-10 days
flu-like symptoms, craving
pupil dilation, anorexia, spastic movements
environmental related withdrawal

Question 13

detox

Answer 13

long term- 180 days 
short term- 30 days
methodonebuprenorphine is an agonist/partial agonist
prevents withdrawal 
rapid- 10 days
ultra rapid- 2 days
nalaxone: inverse agonist 
increase withdrawal symptoms but decrease duration