Swine Flashcards
Give the genus and species of the swine
Sus scrofa domestica
To what Order and Family to swine belong
Artiodactyla, Suidae
When do swine reach sexual maturity
5-6 months
Name some commonly used breeds of miniature swine
Yucatan, Göttingen, Hanford, Sinclair, Hormel
30-50kg at sexual maturity (4-6months)
Where is the vaso vasorum located in a swine
aorta
true vv like that of humans
Name the muscular out pouching found in the stomach of the swine
torus pyloric
Where are germinal centers located within the lymph nodes of the swine?
they are inverted compared to other species, germinal centers are in the internal portion
T or F. Pigs are polyestrous
T. estrous cycle of 21d
What type of placenta do swine have?
epitheliochorial.
require colostrum for passing of antibodies
What is the gestation period of the swine
114 days
What is the common cause of microcytic hypo chromic anemia in swine
iron deficiency
treat IM within 48 hours of farrowing to prevent iron deficiency anemia
Describe the characteristics of the virus referred to as Porcine circovirus-2
DNA virus, nonenveloped, smallest virus known to infect mammals, resistant to disinfection in the environment
What is the viral pathogen implicated in Postweaning, multi systemic wasting syndrome
Porcine circovirus-2
progressive wt loss, lethargy, diarrhea, resp disease, anemia
botryoid inclusion bodies
What serotypes of Salmonella are most likely to cause primary disease in a swine?
S. enterica ser. Cholreaseis
S. enterica ser. Typhimurium
What is the etiologic agent of Glasser’s disease in swine?
Heamophilus parasuis
- enzootic in many herds, minimal clinical signs
- in susceptible herds, fever, anorexia, coughing, lameness, death
What is the etiologic agent of erysipelas (diamond skin disease)?
Erysipelothrix rhusipatiae
gram positive rod (bacillus)
penicillin-tx of choice
What is the common name for pseudorabies
Aujeszky’s disease
What is the etiologic agent of pseudorabies?
Suid herpesvirus 1
alphaherpes virus
-can be subclinical/latent in host (pig), or cause neurologic signs and death relevant to age, worse in young
-death (within 3 days) in other species- dog, cats ruminants primates
To what viral family does the ubiquitous Porcine Teschovirus belong
Picornoviridae
- no herd shown to be free of it
- sporadic disease, fecal oral, polioencephyomyleitis,enteric disease
What is the etiologic agent of swine dysentery?
Brachyspira hyzdysenteriae
How many images of Lawsonia intracellular in pigs are in the blue book?
5! Seems important
Describe the characteristics of L. intracellular
- obligate intracellular pathogen
- organism may be seen in apical cytoplasm of intestinal glandular enterocytes
- silver staining and acid fast staining
What is the etiologic agent of Transmissible Gastroenteritis?
-Alphacoronavirus 1
List 4 coronaviruses that affect pigs
- TGEV- alphacoronavirus 1
- PRCV-porcive resp corona virus
- Heamagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus
- Porcine Epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)
Which one of the cornoviruses that affect pigs has been declared a reportable disease as of 2014?
PEDV (Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus)
What species are vectors for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus?
Mice and cats
What are 3 etiologic agents that contribute to porcine Atrophic rhinitis
Pasturella multocida
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Hemophillus parasuis
What environmental factors may play a role in atrophic rhinitis?
High ammonia levels (50-100ppm)
Dust
T or F. Swine Influenza viruses are species specific
F. They are likely to infect humans, birds and other species
What pathogenic organism of the pig may be found within or attached to the outer surface of erythrocytes
Mycoplasma suis
What are the clinical signs and treatment for Mycoplasma suis
- Anemia (may be severe/death), fever
- Oxytetracycline (may not eliminate organism, but alleviate clinical signs)
How is Mycoplasma suis transmitted between pigs
- direct blood contact
- blood sucking arthropods
- open wounds
- use of contaminated equipment btw pigs
Name the only species of louse that affect the pig
Heamatopinus suis
What is the most significant ectoparasite of swine
Sarcoptes scabiei
List some differential diagnosis for causes of reproductive losses
PPV- porcine parvo virus
PRRS- Porcine reproductive and resp syndrome
Brucellosis suis
Leptospirosis
Give the characteristics of the etiologic agent of PRRS
-Arterivirus, ssRNA (same as Lactate Dehydrogenase-elevating virus in mice)
What are the clinical signs of PRRS
Pregnant- abortion, delayed partition, premature farrowing
Newborn- dyspnea, tachypnea
To what family does the etiologic agent of foot and mouth disease belong?
-Picornaviridae
How is foot and mouth disease transmitted
-through open wounds on the skin, contact of MM, ingestion of contaminated feed
aerosol
What are the clinical sigs of foot and mouth dz
-fever, vesicles around the mouth, intradigital or coronary band lesions on the feet (lame, dog-sitting pigs)
T or F. Foot and mouth is a reportable disase
T
What other disease in swine, which is indistinguishable from Foot and Mouth disease, is also reportable.
Vesicular stomatitis
- vesciulovirus, Rhabdoviridae
- Zoonotic
What is the etiologic agent of Classical Swine Fever (aka Hog Cholera)
Is it reportable?
-Flavivirus, pestivirus
Yes
Name the paramyxovirus for which pigs are an amplifying host, is zoonotic and currently listed as a BSL-4
Nipah
Name the mutation in pigs responsible for porcine stress syndrome
Ryanodine receptor (RYR), calcium-release channel protein -results in hypersenstive triggering of the calcium release channel- lack of proper calcium control
What are the 5 breeds of swine most susceptible
- Landrace
- Yorkshire
- Duroc
- Peitrain
- Poland China
What is the mode of inheritance of a mutated RYR, in porcine stress syndrome
autosomal recessive, variable penetrance
What is the mechanism of action of dantrolene
-decrease the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
What is the most common cause of salt toxicity in pigs
water deprivation and rehydration
-osmotic pressure causes water to be drawn into the CNS
What are the histologic findings associated with salt toxicity
eosinophilic cuffing of the meningeal and cerebral vessels
In what part of the stomach do gastric ulcerations typically occur in the pig.
pars oesophagea
-contains no glands, covered by sq epithelium
