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ACLAM > Rodent colony management > Flashcards

Rodent colony management Flashcards

1
Q

What coat color are associated with the following gene and alleles Myo5a+ or Myo5ad

A

Non-dilute vs dilute

also noted as D or d

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2
Q

T or F

Mice and rats are induced ovulators

A

F

they are spontaneous ovulates

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3
Q

T or F

Embryonic stem cell lines are almost always XY?

A

T
this makes sense because they would then produce males and sperm and ultimately you can generate more offspring from a male than a female

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4
Q

Is nest building a normal behavior for both rats and mice

A

it is normal innate affiliative behavior for mice, both male and female.
Rats will build nest,but it is learned behavior

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5
Q

What is the gene known to define pigmented or albino

A

Tyr+ or Tyrc
also classically referred to as C or c
Tyrosinase…converts tyrosine to melanin

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6
Q

In what family of viruses are the Mouse Minute Virus and the Rat Minute Virus?
And what is the cell predilection for these viruses

A

Parvovirus

-like other parvoviruses they like mitotically active (dividing) cells (MMV in particular likes hematopoietic cells)

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7
Q

T or F

Mice and rats are both polyestrous and cycle every 4-5d

A

T

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8
Q

Do programmable endonuclease targeted mutation/ require the use of ES?

A

No, the endonuclease constructs can be injected directly into the pronucleus of the embryo

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9
Q

What organizations established the rules and guidelines for mouse and rat nomenclature

A

International Committee on Standardized Genetic Nomenclature for Mice
Rat Genome Nomenclature Committee
ILAR

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10
Q

How many DNA base pairs does each zinc finger recognize?

A

3 bp

so usually designed to recognize a domain of 9-18bp

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11
Q

What does totipotency mean?

A

Part of the embryo (inner cell mass) will continue to develop into embryonic membrane and also into all cell types including the germ line cells

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12
Q

What is the Bruce effect

A

Failure of implantation in female mice due to the presence of an unfamiliar male

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13
Q

T or F

Almost all embryonic stem cell lines are XY.

A

T

That was they will produce sperm and generate many more offspring than if female

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14
Q

To what family do Rat Theilovirus and Thriller’s Murine Encephalomyelitis virus belong?
RNA or DNA?

A

Picornavirus (Cardiovirus)

RNA

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15
Q

What is the most currently the most common mouse viral pathogen found in laboratory mice?

A

Murine norovirus

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16
Q

Are mice and rats considered thigmotactic

A

yes, they generally want to be in contact with surfaces

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17
Q

From what stage embryo are embryonic stem cells derived?

a. Morula
b. blastocyst
c. implanted embryo
d. spontaneous teratoma

A

b

pre-implantation embryo (when embryo is only trophectoderm cells enclosing the inner cell mass)

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18
Q

T or F

Mice have gallbladders

A

T

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19
Q

What allele is associated with age-related hearing loss in many inbred strains of mice

A

Cdh23ahl

C57BL/6, C3H/He, Balb/c, 129,

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20
Q

What is often one of the first indicators of genetic contamination in transgenic or inbred breeding lines

A

Hybrid vigor

-increased fecundity and robust pups, increased litter size etc

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21
Q

The designation that a gene has been “knocked-in” in the nomenclature of mouse is by using what symbol

A

parenthesis in the gene name will indicate the gene was added (knocked in)

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22
Q

Name some strains of mice that are known to be blind

A

C3H/Hej, CBA, FVB, SJL

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23
Q

At what day are embryonic stem cells collected from mouse embryos to use for targeted mutations

A

4.5-5day old mouse embryos

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24
Q

How many mouse or rat embryos are usually required for transfer and implantation into pseudopregnant female

A

30-40

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25
Q

T or F

TALENS are designed to bind and cut methylated DNA

A

F

They typically do not target methylated DNA

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26
Q

T or F

TALEN (transcription activate-like effector nucleases) are artificially produced sequence specific DNA-binding enzymes

A

T

They also rely on Fok1 restriction endonuclease to cleave DNA

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27
Q

What is the unique binding site of TALENs?

A

Effector binding elements (EBEs). These are DNA binding proteins of a plant pathogen, Xanthomonas.
They can be designed to to target a 15-18bp sequences

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28
Q

Is CRISPR/Cas a RNA or DNA guilde nuclease?

A

RNA guided nuclease (RGN)

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29
Q

T or F

Mice and rats normally excrete protein in their urine

A

T

they are lipocalins that transport pheromones and are the primary rat and mice allergens for people

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30
Q

T or F

MHV can both stimulate and suppress the immune system?

A

T

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31
Q

What are demes

A

groups of related females and unrelated males (mice and rats) that form stable breeding units

32
Q

T or F

ZFN (zinc finger nucleases) are artificially produced enzymes

A

T

The are created with sequences-specific DNA-binding zinc finger domains hooked to the restriction endonuclease Fok1

33
Q

T or F

129 strains are predisposed to proceed spontaneous teratomas at high frequency

A

T

this is one reason they may be good for producing embryonic stem cells

34
Q

The use of pronuclear injection for development typical involves the injections of DNA into the male or female pronucleus of a single-cell embryo?

A

Male

35
Q

What is the Whitten effect

A

induction of estrus in female mice, by exposure to male urine

36
Q

What is a known side effect of buprenorphine in rats?

A

Pica

37
Q

What is the Lee Boot effect in mice

A

the suppression of estrus due to overcrowding, and lack of a male

38
Q

Who is Miss Abigail Lathrop

A

source breeder of many of the mouse strains used today. Mouse fancier, breeding many lines of mice. She supplied mice to C.C Little the founder of Jackson labs

39
Q

What is the gene known to be associated with black vs brown coat color

A

Tyrp1+ or Tyrp1b

40
Q

Which organ releases follicle stimulating hormone?

A

anterior pituitary

also releases lutenizing hormone

41
Q

List the 4 different types of animals required to maintain a genetically modified (GM) production colony of mice or rats

A
  • embryo donor females
  • fertile, proven breeder males
  • embryo recipient females
  • sterile stud males (vasectomized)
42
Q

At what stage are embryonic stem cells collected to create target mutations

A

day 4.5-5 embryos (blastocyst)

43
Q

where is gonadotropin releasing hormone produced

A

hypothalamus

GnRh then acts on the anterior pituitary

44
Q

Do mice and rats have more cones or rods than humans?

A

Rods (99% of retina, compared to 95% in human)

Rods distinguish light from dark

45
Q

Are pinworm infections more common in laboratory mice or rats?

A

Rats

but have declined substantially in both

46
Q

T or F

Inbred strains are homozygous at all alleles

A

T

47
Q

What is the first rat strain from which pluripotent ESC were isolated?

A

DA, dark agouti

-agouti, inbred, homozygous at the agouti locus (A/A)

48
Q

CRISPR technology uses RNA or DNA guided nucleases?

A

RNA

49
Q

List the most common programable endonuclease used for target mutations in mice

A

ZFN- zinc finger nuclease
TALEN
CRISPR/Cas

50
Q

Who is Halsey Bagg?

A

inbred the Bagg albino mice that later became the BalB/c

51
Q

T or F

Both male mice and rats have nipples

A

F

Neither do

52
Q

Name the allele responsible for retinal degeneration in many laboratory mice

A

Pde6b rd1

53
Q

what organ of mice and rats detects pheromones?

A

vomeronasal organ

54
Q

Name the primary allergens produced by rats and mice

A

Mus m 1, Rat n 1

55
Q

What are lipocalins?

A

proteins found in mouse and rat urine. They transport phermones and make us some of the allergens for people

56
Q

What does axenic mean?

A

germ free

57
Q

What does “associated” mean?

A

usually referring to the association (administration) of a known mixture of non-pathogenic bacteria to axenic or germ free mice (i.e such as Sheadler’s flora)

58
Q

Define gnotobiotic

A

-it means the microflora of the mouse is known (usually because they are made anexic and then given a known soup of pathogens)

59
Q

What does “incidence” mean in reference to adventitious pathogens?

A

the RATE of new contaminations (outbreaks)

60
Q

Define prevalence

A

The percent of positive cases (infections) during a given period of time

61
Q

What is the most likely route of transmission of LDV?

A

parenteral inoculation of mouse cell lines

62
Q

What is the nm range of UV radiation

A

210-328
maximal bacteriocidal activity occurs at 260nm which is the peak of DNA absorbtion (damages bacterial DNA by producing thymidine dimers)

63
Q

How are triahalomethanes formed

A

these are toxic products from chlorine interacting with organic material

64
Q

Why is gamma irradiation rather than UV radiation used to sterilize feed?

A

UV radiation does not pass through solid objects, only effective for water and surfaces

65
Q

What methods of filtration can be used to exclude viruses from water?

A

reverse osmosis or ultrafiltration (micro filtration does not exclude down to the size of most viruses, but will exclude bacteria and spores)

66
Q

What type of disinfectant (oxidant, denaturant or reactants) are most commonly used since they are effective at removing the most resistant organisms (spore forming bacteria, non-enveloped viruses and spore forming bacteria)

A

Oxidants

such as chlorine dioxide, bleach, peroxygen (Virkon or vapor phase hydrogen peroxide)

67
Q

How can bioflims in water systems effectively be treated?

A

hydrogen peroxide or alkaline peroxide

68
Q

What is the color differential of bacteria grown on Maconkey agar?

A 
lactose fermentors (E.coli, klebsiella)- pink/red
non-lactose fermentors (salm, shig, yers) -clear
(Maconkey agar also contain bile salts and crystal violet that selectively inhibit the grown of gram positives)
69
Q

Define diagnostic sensitivity

A

proportion of correctly classified known POSITIVES

70
Q

Define diagnostic specificity

A

proportion of corrected classified known NEGATIVES

71
Q

Define positive predictive value

A

percentage of all positive results which are true positives

  • this decreases as prevalence of disease in the population decreases
  • TP/(TP+FP)
72
Q

T or F

LCMV, SV, Pasturella pneumotropica, Helicobactor and fur mites are difficult to detect using soiled bedding sentinels

A

T

JAALAS Nov 16

73
Q

T or F

Pastourelle pneumontropica is still prevalent in lab animal facilities world wide

A

T

may cause eye, genital, and resp infections

74
Q

T or F

Helicobacter is difficult to detect through dirty bedding sentinel programs

A

T
(JAALAS Nov 16)
-loosed viability once outside the host

75
Q

MNV is shed persistently or intermittently in mouse feces?

A

persistently

unlike MPV and MHV which are shed transiently

76
Q

What type of mice are best to use for dirty bedding sentinels?

A
  • outbred strains- that can mount a good serologic response, cheaper than inbreds,
  • female to reduce fighting

ACLAM (32 decks)

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