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ACLAM > JAALAS 2015 (all issues) Random questions > Flashcards

JAALAS 2015 (all issues) Random questions Flashcards

1
Q

T or F

Syrian hamster develop atherosclerosis in response to diet high in saturated fat and cholesterol

A

T

-also they closely resemble humans in regard to the rate of hepatic cholesterol synthesis

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2
Q

T or F

Hamsters have cholesterol ester transport protein

A

T
unlike like rats and mice, which do not.
Humans also have the protein

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3
Q

T or F
According to a recent publication, normal aging (up to 31 weeks) does not contribute to CVD risk factors or atherosclerois in Syrian hamsters

A

T

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4
Q

List some of the clinical parameters that showed significant differences during during pregnancy that may be clinically relevant

A

BUN, alb, glob, lipase, amylase, WB, neutrophils, RBC, Hgb and HCT

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5
Q

What is a simple and reliable method of pregnancy detection in Inbred mice as described in a recent publication?

A

weight gain- specifically weight gain of 1.75g between GD 7.75 and 10.

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6
Q

T or F

A recent study demonstrated an affect on HR and MAP when mice where exposed to vibration with a frequency of 80-90Hz

A

T

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7
Q

T of F

Zebrafish tend to prefer habitat complexity

A

T

has been shown to reduce aggression and improve reproductivity

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8
Q

Zebra fish show more aggression when housed in large shoaling groups or in low density such as pairs?

A

low density

they prefer shoaling groups of varying size

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9
Q

What is the general length of time for zebra fish to establish dominance subordinate relationships within a tank?

A

5d

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10
Q

T or F

Adding plastic vegetation to zebra fish tanks housing pairs prevented serious injury or deaths

A

T

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11
Q

T or F
In a recent publication it was noted that cortisol levels measured in zebra fish during attempted pairings adequately reflected the magnitude of animal welfare related issues detected (i.e.aggression, wounding and death)

A

F

cortisol levels were not a good measure of the apparent level of stress (welfare issues) noted

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12
Q

A recent publication reported that alopecia in Baboons is greater in the winter or summer?

A

winter

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13
Q

In general, alopecia seems to affect males or females more?

A

females

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14
Q

What 2 federal government departs oversee the activities of the IACUC

A

Department of Agriculture (USDA)

Department of Health and Human Services (PHS)

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15
Q

What guidelines were developed under the authority of the Health Research Extension Act and what year was the act passed.

A

PHS Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

1985

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16
Q

What act developed the regulations used by the USDA to oversee IACUC

A

The Animal Welfare Act

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17
Q

Is Listeria monocytogenes a gram negative or gram positive organism?

A

gram-positive bacillus

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18
Q

What are the primary findings in the tissues of pregnant animals infected with L. moncytogenes

A
  • pyogranulomatous microabscess in the placenta and fetus,
  • spontaneous abortions in 3rd trimester
  • outbreaks occur, usually in cool weather months
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19
Q

What is the opioid receptor activity of buprenorphine

A

partial mu agonist and kappa/delta antagonist

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20
Q

What is the mechanism of action of aspirin

A

Preferential COX 1 inhibitor

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21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Meloxicam

A

Preferential COX 2 inhibitor

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22
Q

Which NSAID has recently been found to cause sever gastric ulceration and bleeding in rats, especially when give with anesthesia?

A

ketoprofen

(non-selective COX inhibitor)

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23
Q

What is the COX selective preference of Firocoxib?

A

Non-Selective but has many times higher preference for COX2

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24
Q

T or F
A recent study using the plantar incisional pain model in mice determined a dose of Firocoxib that was comparable to buprenorphine for pain relief.

A

T

10 or 20mg IP SID

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25
Q

Is buprenorphine a partial mu receptor agonist or antagonist?

A

agonist

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26
Q

T or F

Tramadol acts as mu opioid agonist

A

T

it also has serotonin and norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitor activities

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27
Q

A recent study with tramadol as a model for relief of post-operative pain in mice, the authors found a sex difference in the the effectiveness of tramodol. For which sex was it more effective?

A

Female
However that was at a very dose (80mg/kg) this is probably toxic.
Ultimately they do not recommend tramadol as a sole agent for post-operative pain management

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28
Q

In a recent study Capsaicin was used in a model of orofacial operant pain in order to reduce the thermode testing temperature. What receptor is sensitized by capsaicin to allow this phenomena?

A

Transient Receptor Vanilloid Potential 1 (TRVP1)

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29
Q

List some like infectious causes of rectal prolapse in mice

A

Citrobacter rodentium, Helicobactor hepaticus, pinworms

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30
Q

genus and species of deer mice

A

Peromyscus maniculatus

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31
Q

What is the major difference between rats and other mammals with regard to arrangement of cardiac veins

A

Variation termed the “circulus venosus con arteries”

-also the presence of the left cranial vena cava is different than humans and many other mammals

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32
Q

A known effect of xylazine on heart rate is that it can increase or decrease it by as much as 30%?

A

decrease

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33
Q

Sex differences in ECG readings of squirrel monkeys include what difference in the R wave amplitude and OR interval

A
  • increased R-wave amplitude in males,
  • longer PR interval
  • likely due to larger heart size in males, same pattern as in humans
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34
Q

At what age do most mouse strains reach puberty?

A

6-7 erred

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35
Q

list the 2 modifications as determined in a recent study, that will aid in reducing preweanling mortality in Balb?c mice

A

additional cardboard tube for enrichment

mating sibling pairs before 28d

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36
Q

What is the wavelength of typical “red” light

A

600nm

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37
Q

A recent study determined the effect of long term exposure of “safe” red light on neuroendocrine parameters in which species of Rat

A

Sprague-Rawly

-there is disruption in the 12:12 circadian rhythm when exposed to long periods of red light during the dark period

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38
Q

genus species of the Marsh Rice rat

A

Oryzomys palustris

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39
Q

What is a common use for Oryzomys palustris

A

Periodontal disease

can develop in 10-18 weeks when fed a diet high in sucrose and casein

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40
Q

What is the preferential diet of rice rats?

A

carnivorous- insects, small crabs, baby turtles

-will be omnivorous if necessary and eat succulent plants, seeds

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41
Q

A recent study examine the use of jackets in rhesus monkeys reported that how many days are sufficient acclimation period.

A

3d- based on physiology (fecal cortisol measures)

-also showed that those wearing under shirts with jacket acclimated quicker and had fewer jacket associated lesions

42
Q

What is the mechanism of action of MS222?

A

inhibits action potentials results in cessation of muscle movements

43
Q

What is the dominant tissue of oxygen uptake in zebrafish larva less than 3weeks of age?

A

skin…switches to gills during first 3 weeks of development

44
Q

What is the concentration necessary for euthanasia of adult zebrafish using MS222

A

300mg/L, buffered to 7.0

should remain in the solution at least 10min after cessation of opercular movement

45
Q

How long do the AVMA euthanasia guidelines recommend leaving zebra fish fry (4-7dpf) in ice-chilled water for euthanasia.

A

At least 20min following cessation of opercular movement

46
Q

What method of euthanasia is recommended (by AVMA guidelines) fry zebrafish embryo and fry less than 3dpf

A

bleach solution

47
Q

Who is responsible for originating the concept known as the 3 Rs and in what publication/year were they first defend.

A

Russell and Burch

1959-The Principles of Humane Experimental Techniques

48
Q

List the 3 Rs

A

Reduction
Refinement
Replacement

49
Q

Dried Blood Spot Sampling use in pharmacokinetic studies is an example of putting the 3 Rs to use. Which on e specifically does it accomplish?

A
  • Reduction of animal numbers

- also applies to refinement- but reducing the animal handling and restraint required

50
Q

What is the Ames assay

A

Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay

51
Q

What is the ICCVAM?

A

Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods

  • a committee of NIEHS supported by the Nat Interagency Center for Evaluation of alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM_
  • facilitates the development, validation and regulatory acceptance of regulatory (top, safety) testing
  • 15 US federal regulatory and research agencies
52
Q

T or F

Macaques have ABO antigens on their RBCs

A

F

53
Q

What to the A and B alleles in human blood types actually encode?

A

distinct glycosyltransferases which convert H antigen on the RBC to either A or B (O-type people have an unmodified H antigen)

54
Q

T or F

ABO antigens are found in a number if tissues in old world monkeys

A

T

they are found in endothelium,most organs epithelium of GI tract, saliva, just not no RBCs

55
Q

T or F

A recent study determined that thehemagglutinin assay is adequate for determine cynomolgus ABO blood types

A

F

The authors suggested this test be supported by SNP analysis and IHC of epithelial tissues

56
Q

T or F

Gerbils tend to be social animals while hamsters are often more solitary

A

T

57
Q

T or F
A recent study suggests that hamsters and gerbils can be houses in the same secondary enclosure with minimal impact on health, reproduction or behavior

A

T

58
Q

T or F

A recent study determined that housing guniea pigs in IVC housing has a significant negative impact on their well being

A

F

There was not a significant impact on the GPs when moved from open top to IVC

59
Q

T or F

Marmosets are able to synthesize vitamin D3 from dietary sources

A

F

They must have UVB to form Vit D3 from 7-dehydrozycholesterol in the skin

60
Q

T or F

Danio rerio are scototaxic

A

T

exhibit a natural predilection for dark area

61
Q

T or F

Adding a plastic plant as enrichment to the tank of single housed zebra fish enhances the the well being of the fish.

A

T

this was not the case for group housed fish

62
Q

T or F

Ferrets are a good model for neonatal (human) intubation

A

T

the size and anatomy of the larynx is very similar

63
Q

When are calcification and ossification within the distal 5mm of a mouse tail present.

A

prior to weaning age (21day)

64
Q

T or F
A recent study has confirmed that isoflurane anesthesia and vapocoolants or cetacaine show positive effects on tail biopsy in mice

A

F
The study shows there is no benefit to use of isflourane (shown previously) or topical anesthetics in mice between 18-21d
-tails biopsied using vapocoolant showed the most inflammation of all methods tested

65
Q

Dexmeditomidine is an alpha 2 adrenoreceptor agonist or antagonist?

A

agonist

66
Q

T or F

Dexmeditomidine has analgesic properties

A

T

67
Q

Ketamine is an NMDA receptor agonist or antagonist?

A

antagonist

68
Q

T or F
A recent study determined that the use of HP-PA (hydrogen peroxide-peracetic acid) as a surface disinfectant or autoclaving of exam gloves (nitrile)was a via alternative to using sterile gloves for rodent surgeries

A

T

They also determined that 70% isopropyl alcohol was not effective

69
Q

What is the most abundant plasma protein

A

Albumin

about 60% of measured serum protein

70
Q

What dye is used to quantitate blood volume and to what protein does it bind

A

Evans blue

Albumin

71
Q

genus and species of african clawed frog

A

Xenopus leaves

72
Q

A recent article describes 2 methods for collection of sperm from mice in vivo termed MESA and PESA.
What do these entail?

A

MESA- microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration
PESA-percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration
-under anesthesia,pushed the testicals caudally into the scrotum isolate the cauda epididymis used curved forceps, aspirate sperm using direct visualization of epididymus by small incision or percutaneously Images in article)

73
Q

T or F

High ammonia levels have been associated with abnormal nasal epithelial pathology in mice and rats

A

T

Attenuation, atrophy, suuparative rhinitis, degeneration, necrosi

74
Q

T or F
A decrease in incidence and severity was noted in IUD (C57BL6) lesions in both males and females when supplemented with MS (Mineralized red-algae supplement)

A

F

Only seem in FEMALE mice, no protection noted in males

75
Q

What is the estimated prevalence of SIB in research NHPs

A

5-25%

76
Q

Who are more at risk of SIB? Male or female rhesus

A

Male rhesus

77
Q

High or low humidity is associated with elevated ammonia levels in rodent IVC?

A

High humidity has been associated with elevated NH3

78
Q 
Air changes per hours (ACH) refers to the number of times per hour that what volume of the entire space is exchanged? 
a 10%
b 40%
c 80%
d 100%
A

100%

79
Q

What parameter does bispectral index measure?

A

It is an ancillary measure derived from EEG (electroencephalography)

  • evaluates waveforms that in phase together
  • ratio of low to high frequency waves
  • percentage of isoelectricity
80
Q

Losarten is an antihypertensive drug that is an angiotensin II type 1 receptor agonist or antagonist?

A

antagonist

81
Q

A recent article determined what vehicle was the best for administering Losarten to rats by voluntary oral consumption?

A

Sugar paste

  • appropraite plasma levels of losartan
  • no change on lipids or sugar profile or h2o consumption
82
Q

what is the general spectrum of bacterial coverage of 3rd generation cephlasporins?

A

Broad- gram +, gram -, and aanaerobes

83
Q

What dose of CCFA (Ceftiofur Crystalline Free Acid) in male rhesus monkeys provided therapeutic plasma levels at least 7day following 1 single injection?

A

20mg/kg SC

the 5mg/kg dose tested only provided therapeutic levels for 2d

84
Q

T or F
A recent study determined that zebra fish euthanized with MS22 had higher serum cortisol levels than those euthanized with clove oil.

A

T

85
Q

Clove oil contains eugenol which is known to inhibit or promote platelet aggregation ?

A

inhibit

-this was an added benefit to euthanasia of zebrafish with clove oil, because it enhanced the ability to collect blood

86
Q

As pointed out in a recent article, estimating blood volume by BW (10%: 10% rule), especially in macaques that fall in the obese category, grossly over- or under-estimates blood volume

A

over-estimates
-measuring blood volume using tracers FITC-HES) determines blood volume to be about 3x less in obese animals as compared to estimating blood volume on BW as is typically done

87
Q

T or F

Maternal weight gain (MWG) can be used to estimate litter size in mice (C57, Swiss, and BalbC).

A

T

This may be useful for calculations aimed at reduction of animal numbers

88
Q

T or F

Rhesus monkeys typically exist in multi-male, multi-femaile breeding groups

A

T

89
Q

What is the range of the mouse Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)?

A

29-31C

90
Q

T or F

MPV is an enveloped virus that is very stable in the environment and difficult to inactivate

A

F
It is not ENVELOPED
-it is stable in the environment and difficult to inactivate

91
Q

T or F
A recent publication demonstrated that cage washing at 110F with appropriate detergent and times was sufficient to decontaminate mouse cages

A

T

this is opposed to the current standard of 180 and these of autoclaving post washing

92
Q

A recent study demonstrated that SR Bup was well tolerated and reach steady plasma concentrations for long duration and achieved analgesic efficacy in male and female sheep

A

T

0.27mg/kg IM

93
Q

T or F

The 2013 AVMA guidelines lists euthanasia of mice with IP ethanol as “acceptable with conditions”

A

T

94
Q

T or F

The 2013 AVMA guidelines on euthanasia lists the IP injection of pentobarbital-phenytoin product as “acceptable”

A

T

95
Q

A recent study found IP injection of pentobarbital-phenytoin in mice to be quicker acting and less painful that euthanasia by IP injection of ethanol

A

F

They found no statistical difference in the use of Pe/Ph and Ethanol

96
Q

T or F

Ethanol acts as an NMDA receptor antagonist.

A

T

similar to ketamine, in a concentration dependent manner

97
Q

T or F

Ethanol enhances the inhibitory effects of GABA and exerts a direct stimulatory effect on the GABA receptor

A

T

98
Q

What is Far infrared (FIR)?

A

and electromagnetic wave that has the properties of light and wave. Wavelength ranging form 4-14uM.
Has 3 biologic effects- radiation ,resonance and thermal;

99
Q

T or F

A recent study recommends that chlorhexidine scrub be used as surgical prep of the skin of xenopus

A

F
It is not recommended due to tissue damage
Saline alone may be adequate for surgical skin prep, due to the robust skin innate defenses of xenopus

100
Q

What is MALDI-TOF MS?

A

Matrix-assisted Laser Desperation-ionization time-of flight mass spectrometry.
Used to identify bacteria according to unique molecular finger print

ACLAM (32 decks)

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