amphibians and reptiles Flashcards
What is FETAX?
frog embryo teratogenesis assay
-test used to measure development toxicity using Xenpus eggs
T or F
Frogs are able to regurgitate.
T
They regurgitate easily therefore have been used in antiemetic studies
T or F
Amphibians need a large source of fresh drinking water.
F
As a general rule amphibians do not drink but rather absorb water through the skin
T or F
Chloramines can be eliminated from tap water by evaporation over 24-48 hours.
Chloramines are more toxic than chlorine and do not readily evaporate. Must use activated charcoal filter or sodium thiosulfate
What is released when chloramine treated water is treated with thiosulfate? How is this product removed?
Ammonia
Zeolites can be used to remove it
What determines the level of reconstitution of RO water with appropriate ions, in order to house amphibians?
The particular species. Depends on natural environment as to how hard the water should be.
Axolotls needs hard water or Holtfreter’s solution
Are stainless steel or copper pipes more desirable for water systems housing amphibians
SS
Coper is toxic to amphibians
Dendrobates auratus
poison dart frogs
T or F
Phenolics are the best choice to disinfect amphibian enclosures?
F
Oxidizing agents such as Virkon are most recommended
T or F
Iodine based disinfectants should never be used for Dendrobates auratus
T
What is the most common zoonotic pathogen associated with amphibians?
Mycobacterium marine
What product is secreting from he granular glands of xenopus that combat bacterial and fungal pathogens?
margainins
T or F
Xenopus have well developed tongues for pretending food?
F
they and other pipids do not have well developed tongues and use the forelimbs to direct food into the mouth
What is the appropriate housing density for Xenopus?
Low
1 frog per 3L
4 frogs to 5-10L
What can be used to promote egg-laying in xenopus?
HCG
What is the least reactive suture type that should be used in amphibian skin?
monofilament nylon
slik and gut cause severe reaction
What does the blink reflex indicate in Xenpus?
They should not have a blink reflex, because they do not have eyelids!
What is the best site for blood collection in xenopus?
terminal bleed using the cardiocentesis under anesthesia
-lack tongue (no lingual plexus), no tail (no tail vein), no mid abdominal vein
What are the AVMA acceptable methods for euthanasia of amphibians
- pentobarbital- IV, intracoelomic, dorsal lymph sacs
- MS222- immersion or injection
- Benzocain- immersion or topical
What is the etiologic agent likely to cause renal adenocarcinoma in Rana pippins
Lucke’ herpesvirus (ranid herpes virus 1)
-intranuclear inclusions may be seen in renal cells
Genus species of painted turtle
Chrysemys picta
T or F
Reptiles are more tolerant of chlorine than amphibians
T
What UV spectrum is required for housing most reptile species
UVB 290-320
required for endogenous production of D3
What is the likely cause of dysecdysis in reptiles
too low humidity
blister disease caused with humidity too high
What is the the most significant zoonotic pathogen associated with reptiles
Salmonella
T or F
The glottis of reptiles is difficult to visualize, making intuition particularly challenging
F
the glottis is easy to visualize (obvious slit on the pharyngeal floor)
What is a basihyal valve?
a fold of tissue and base of the tonge, that can form a watertight seal in the back of the mouth of crocodilians, allowing them to hold prey in their mouth while under water
What anatomical structure should be avoided during coelomoty of lizards
mid ventral abdominal vein (can also be used for venipuncture)
What are sex segments
associated with kidneys in reproductively active male reptiles (snakes and lizards) that contain granules (maybe for copulatory plugs)
T or F
Reptiles have hemipenes
F
not all reptiles. Snakes and lizards do
Turtles have single fleshy penis
Drugs should be administered in the cranial or caudal epitaxial muscles in snakes and lizards
in the cranial muscles, especially for drugs that are known to be metabolized by kidneys or liver
What are the likely causes of metabolic bone disease in reptiles
- Dietary deficieny of Calcium or vitamin D, negative calcium-phosphorous ratio
- Lack of UVB exposure
