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ACLAM > amphibians and reptiles > Flashcards

amphibians and reptiles Flashcards

1
Q

What is FETAX?

A

frog embryo teratogenesis assay

-test used to measure development toxicity using Xenpus eggs

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2
Q

T or F

Frogs are able to regurgitate.

A

T

They regurgitate easily therefore have been used in antiemetic studies

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3
Q

T or F

Amphibians need a large source of fresh drinking water.

A

F

As a general rule amphibians do not drink but rather absorb water through the skin

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4
Q

T or F

Chloramines can be eliminated from tap water by evaporation over 24-48 hours.

A

Chloramines are more toxic than chlorine and do not readily evaporate. Must use activated charcoal filter or sodium thiosulfate

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5
Q

What is released when chloramine treated water is treated with thiosulfate? How is this product removed?

A

Ammonia

Zeolites can be used to remove it

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6
Q

What determines the level of reconstitution of RO water with appropriate ions, in order to house amphibians?

A

The particular species. Depends on natural environment as to how hard the water should be.
Axolotls needs hard water or Holtfreter’s solution

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7
Q

Are stainless steel or copper pipes more desirable for water systems housing amphibians

A

SS

Coper is toxic to amphibians

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8
Q

Dendrobates auratus

A

poison dart frogs

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9
Q

T or F

Phenolics are the best choice to disinfect amphibian enclosures?

A

F

Oxidizing agents such as Virkon are most recommended

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10
Q

T or F

Iodine based disinfectants should never be used for Dendrobates auratus

A

T

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11
Q

What is the most common zoonotic pathogen associated with amphibians?

A

Mycobacterium marine

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12
Q

What product is secreting from he granular glands of xenopus that combat bacterial and fungal pathogens?

A

margainins

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13
Q

T or F

Xenopus have well developed tongues for pretending food?

A

F

they and other pipids do not have well developed tongues and use the forelimbs to direct food into the mouth

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14
Q

What is the appropriate housing density for Xenopus?

A

Low
1 frog per 3L
4 frogs to 5-10L

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15
Q

What can be used to promote egg-laying in xenopus?

A

HCG

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16
Q

What is the least reactive suture type that should be used in amphibian skin?

A

monofilament nylon

slik and gut cause severe reaction

17
Q

What does the blink reflex indicate in Xenpus?

A

They should not have a blink reflex, because they do not have eyelids!

18
Q

What is the best site for blood collection in xenopus?

A

terminal bleed using the cardiocentesis under anesthesia

-lack tongue (no lingual plexus), no tail (no tail vein), no mid abdominal vein

19
Q

What are the AVMA acceptable methods for euthanasia of amphibians

A
  • pentobarbital- IV, intracoelomic, dorsal lymph sacs
  • MS222- immersion or injection
  • Benzocain- immersion or topical
20
Q

What is the etiologic agent likely to cause renal adenocarcinoma in Rana pippins

A

Lucke’ herpesvirus (ranid herpes virus 1)

-intranuclear inclusions may be seen in renal cells

21
Q

Genus species of painted turtle

A

Chrysemys picta

22
Q

T or F

Reptiles are more tolerant of chlorine than amphibians

A

T

23
Q

What UV spectrum is required for housing most reptile species

A

UVB 290-320

required for endogenous production of D3

24
Q

What is the likely cause of dysecdysis in reptiles

A

too low humidity

blister disease caused with humidity too high

25
Q

What is the the most significant zoonotic pathogen associated with reptiles

A

Salmonella

26
Q

T or F

The glottis of reptiles is difficult to visualize, making intuition particularly challenging

A

F

the glottis is easy to visualize (obvious slit on the pharyngeal floor)

27
Q

What is a basihyal valve?

A

a fold of tissue and base of the tonge, that can form a watertight seal in the back of the mouth of crocodilians, allowing them to hold prey in their mouth while under water

28
Q

What anatomical structure should be avoided during coelomoty of lizards

A

mid ventral abdominal vein (can also be used for venipuncture)

29
Q

What are sex segments

A

associated with kidneys in reproductively active male reptiles (snakes and lizards) that contain granules (maybe for copulatory plugs)

30
Q

T or F

Reptiles have hemipenes

A

F
not all reptiles. Snakes and lizards do
Turtles have single fleshy penis

31
Q

Drugs should be administered in the cranial or caudal epitaxial muscles in snakes and lizards

A

in the cranial muscles, especially for drugs that are known to be metabolized by kidneys or liver

32
Q

What are the likely causes of metabolic bone disease in reptiles

A
  • Dietary deficieny of Calcium or vitamin D, negative calcium-phosphorous ratio
  • Lack of UVB exposure

ACLAM (32 decks)

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