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ACLAM > Facilities > Flashcards

Facilities Flashcards

1
Q

What standards must be employed for work involving administration of radionucelotides to animals?

A

Nuclear Regulatory Commission standard (Code of Federal Regulations)

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2
Q

What does the acronym ALARA stand for in the context of radioactivity

A

As Low As Reasonable Achievable

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3
Q

How many half lives of decay are required before a carcass or waste can be disposed into non radioactive waste streams.

A

10 half lives

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4
Q

T or F

It is ideal to house aquatic systems in the highest part of the facility to allow gravity to help with flow through.

A

F
Aquatic systems such as those for fish or frogs should be housed on the lowest floor, because water is heavy and in case of a flood.

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5
Q

What does the acronym GRI refer to in reference to water and electricity?

A

Ground Fault Interrupted

-outlets in areas where water is heavily used (most animal facilities) should be equipped with this

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6
Q

T or F

The term “cleaning” and “sanitization” can be used interchangeably.

A

F

  • cleaning is simply the removal of organic and non-organic debrie from surfaces
  • sanitization is cleaning PLUS disinfection- which is the use of chemical or heat to reduce the presence of microorganisms
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7
Q

T or F

Sanitization can be achieved at a temperature of 143 if exposed for 30min

A

T
-also 180 degree for 1 s
-or 161 degree at 15s
(these standards were set by the National Sanitation Foundation)

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8
Q

What is the most common use for “tunnel” washers

A

To sanitizing rodent shoebox cages or waste collection pans or racks of water bottles

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9
Q

What is the advantage of an Index tunnel washer

A
  • separated wash and rinse chambers and can be set such that the belt will stop at each section for a particular amount of time
  • should limit contamination between clean ad dirty areas
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10
Q

What is the temperature range used in the autoclave chamber?

A

121-132 degrees CELSIUS

250-270F

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11
Q

T or F
Chemical or rust inhibitors should be added to steam that will be used for animal cages, feed or bedding, due to the moisture and likelihood of rust accumulating.

A 
F
clean steam (not contaminated with chemicals or generated by boilers) should be used
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12
Q

What are foundry robots and how might they be used in a lab animal setting.

A

The have articulating appendages- they are part of robotic cage wash systems. Used to grab and dump dirty rodent cages load them in the tunnel washer. And then another one grabs the clean cages and fills with bedding and stacks for use.

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13
Q

What component of modern animal facilities is likely to be the most expensive?

A

The HVAC system

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14
Q

What is the filtration efficiency of HEPA filters for particles of 0.3micron in diameter?

A

At least 99.97%

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15
Q

What type of filter is commonly used to help remove volatile contaminants

A

activated carbon filters

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16
Q

What are venture-type air valves (aka Phoenix valves) used for?

A

used to consistently supply or exhaust a pre-set airflow rate in order to create pressure differentials

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17
Q

At what level is the static pressure differential maintained?

A
  1. 02-0.08 inches of water column (WC)
    - higher static pressure is desirable in quarantine and hazard use areas
    - if static pressure gets too high (0.25inWC) then doors will be difficult or impossible to open!
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18
Q

Air velocity in animal rooms should not exceed what rate (NIH design policy and guidelines)

A

0.25m/s at 1.8M elevation

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19
Q

What is the typical temperature set point for rabbit rooms?

A

66-68 F

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20
Q

What device is used to measure moisture content in supply air and feed back to the steam injector or water atomizer to adjust humidity?

A

-humidostat

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21
Q

How is air dehumidified?

A

lowering the air temp as it passes over the cooling coil

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22
Q

What are the current recommendations for light intensity at the cage level?

A

130-325lux

23
Q

What is the effect on reproduction of continuous lighting

A

Overstimulate reproduction

  • cessation of cycling
  • permanent vaginal cornification
  • excess ovarian follicles
24
Q

What level of KHz is considered ultrasound?

A

> 20Khz

25
Q

T or F

Mice can hear at <1kHz but not > 20kHz

A

F
They can not hear at low-frequency like 0.2khz
but they can hear ultrasound >20

26
Q

List some mouse strains that are susceptible to audiogenic seizures?

A

Balb/C, AKR, CBA, C57, DBA

-FVB

27
Q

What is the noise recommendation level of the NIH Design Requirements Manual for Animal Research Facilities?

A

should not exceed NC-45 (noise criteria)

28
Q

What is the relationship between NH3 and relative humidity with the microenvironment of rodent caging

A

As humidity increases in the macro or micro environment so does ammonia

29
Q

How is ammonia produced in the rodent cage

A

formed by urease producing bacteria (or bedding with urealytic and urease activating enzymes) that break down urea into ammonia

30
Q

Is pine shaving or corn cob bedding more resistant to ammonia build-up related to relative humidity

A

corn-cob

31
Q

What is the established standard acceptable level offor NH3 in mouse cages?

A

currently there is not one according to the Guide, however recommendations are that inspired air should not exceed 25ppm (this is the human 8hr TWA)

32
Q

What is the 8hr TWA for human exposure to CO2

A

5000ppm

33
Q

Stainless steel is the most commonly used metal for equipment and caging in animal facilities. What is the difference between 304 and 316 SS?

A

Based on the amount of nickel and chromium

-molybneum is added to 316 to make it more corrosion resistant

34
Q

What concerning byproduct is likely to be leached from polycarbonate or polysulfone cages? Especially at high temperatures but maybe at room temperature once the plastics are aged?

A

Bisphenol A

35
Q

According to the AWA Regulations dogs or cat cannot be housed on bars or wire less than ____diameter, unless it is coated with plastic or fiberglass

A

1/8inch

section 3.6

36
Q

T or F

Interdigital cysts in beagles were to be associated with flat bar polyvinyl chloride coated bars.

A

T

as compared to non-coated or diamond shaped coated bars

37
Q

What are the recommendations (from the BB) for NH3, CO2 limits and air flow in IVC.

A

<25PPM NH3, 5000ppm CO2 and <50linear feet per minute (lfpm). Providing temp and RH are within the limits prescribed in the Guide

38
Q

What is one method to reduce heat load in the macroenviroment when using high stocking density IVC?

A

Vent the exhaust air directly into the building exhaust rather than back into the room.

39
Q

T or F

Most commonly fed lab animal diets are “closed” formula diets

A

T
These diets do not disclose the individual components of the diet though a guaranteed analysis is provided, and some components may change depending on availability
“open formula diets are manufactured with an established known ingredient formulation

40
Q

What type of diets are required by the FDA for GLP studies

A

Certified

  • analysis for environmental contaminants that may interfere with study or results
  • heavy metals, hydrocarbons, organophosphates etc
41
Q

What is the typical shelf life of most lab animal diets as prescribed in the Guide?

A

180d

except GP and NHP food that has vitamin C should be used by 90d, unless the manufacturers guarantees otherwise

42
Q

What are the storage temp and humidity requirements for natural ingredient diets?

A

les than 70F and 50% humidity

43
Q

List some types of bedding made from hardwood.

A

aspen, birch, beech, maple

44
Q

Name the softwood beddings that have volatile aromatic amines that may alter hepatic enzymes (P450) and interfere xenobiotic processing

A

pine, cedar

what is xenobiotic processing?- metabolism of foreign substances

45
Q

What type of bedding is best at inhibiting ammonia build-up in mice cages?

A

corn-cob

excellent for use in conventional micro isolator cages

46
Q

What does reverse osmosis remove from water?

A

ultrafiltration membrane

removes 99% of inorganic compounds, dissolved ions, organic compounds, toxins, pyrogens, heavy metals and microorganisms

47
Q

What is hydrochloric acid or chlorine added back to drinking water for rodents, after removal by RO

A

reduce bacteria growth

48
Q

What is the typical pH level to which water should be acidified?

A

2.5-3.0

49
Q

What type of pipes should be used using acidified water?

A

corrosion resistant

  • plastic polymers
  • type 316 stainless steel (has molybdenum added to it
50
Q

What is typically added to mouse drinking water in order to increase the the chlorine levels (especially after RO). And what is the appropriate PPM of chlorine

A

sodium hypochlorite

literature lists anywhere from 0.5-10ppm, ideal is 6-8ppm to eliminate P. aerginosa

51
Q

What product may form when chlorine interacts with organic material?

A

trihalomethane

-may be cytotoxic, mutagenic or carcinogenic

52
Q

What might be leached into drinking water from autoclaved glass bottles?

A

silicone

53
Q

What is appropriate PSI for rodent drinking valves?

A

3 PSI

54
Q

T or F

Isopropyl alcohol is more bacteriocidal than ethanol

A

T

ACLAM (32 decks)

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