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ICC: Farm Animal > STUDY HELPERS Sheep > Flashcards

STUDY HELPERS Sheep Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common crystal in urolithiasis and how is it formed and where does it end up?

A

Struvite
High concentrations of Ph and Mg > combines with protein in bladder > form calculi > gets stuck in sigmoid flexure or vermiform appendage

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2
Q

What is the agent of Pink Eye?

A

Mycoplasma conjunctivae

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3
Q

How do you treat Pink Eye?

A

Oxytet IM

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4
Q

What is Bright Blindness?

A

Prolonged ingestion of bracken in hill sheep

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5
Q

How do you treat entropion?

A

AB (penicillin) SubQ

Michel clips or surgery (strip skin)

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6
Q

What is the lambing percentage?

A

The number of lambs born and survive to weaning per 100 ewes

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7
Q

How do you treat watery mouth?

A

IV flunixin
oral dextrose/electrolyte
Enema
ABs

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8
Q

What is the common agent of joint ill?

A

Strep. dysgalactiae

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9
Q

What are the clinical signs of Meningitis?

A

isolation, failure to suck, episcleral congestion, weak, altered gat, hyperasthesia, opisthotonus

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10
Q

What agents are the culprits behind lamb bacteraemias?

A

E. coli, P. haemolytica, P. multocida, T. pyogenes, Staph, Strep

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11
Q

What agent causes liver abscess in lambs?

A

F. necrophorum

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12
Q

How can you treat/prevent iodine deficiency in lambs?

A

Iodine oil injection in ewe before mating

KI oral when clinical case in lambs

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13
Q

What are the agents of neonatal enteritis?

A

Rota/coronavirus, Crypto, Salmonella, Lamb dysentery, E. coli

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14
Q

How do you treat neonatal enteritis?

A

Crypto: Fluids
Salmonella: Flunixin, fluids, AB
E. coli: fluids

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15
Q

How do you diagnosis neonatal enteritis caused by salmonella?

A

faceal cultur or from liver, gallbladder, SI, or mesenteric LN at PM

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16
Q

Describe the pathogeneisis of C. perfringens.

A

Normally in gut

Sudden change in diet > anaerboic abomasal and SI and high CHO > gut stasis > C. perfringens build up > toxin build up

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17
Q

Describe the vaccination protocol for C. perfringens.

A

Initial 2-dose course 4-6 weeks apart when entering breeding flock. Booster 6 week pre-lambing

Lambs born to unvax ewes: first dose 8-12 weeks with booster 4 weeks later

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18
Q

What areh the clinical signs of Blackleg?

A

Limbs: stiff, edema
Parturition: erosion of vulval mucosa with dark red and gassy necrosis
Blackquarter metritis: edematous uterus fetus dead
Head: bleeding from nose and swelling

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19
Q

How do you diagnose Blackleg?

A

Positive flourescein antibody test from smears

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20
Q

How do you treat Blackleg?

A

Clean and debride wounds
Penicillin
Steroids
Fluids

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21
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of tetanus.

A

Cut (docking/shearing) > incuabtion period of 1-3 weeks > neurotoxin reaches brain via peripheral nerves > spinal cord > rigidity > death due to paralysis of respiratory muscles

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22
Q

How do you treat tetanus?

A

Antitoxin, AB, NSAIDs

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23
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of redgut.

A

Lush pasture > INCREASED gut transit time > fermentation in LI > gas > torsion > death

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24
Q

What are the clinical signs of scald?

A

interdigital erythema
white necrotic material
NO underrun horn or smell

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25
Q

What are the clinical signs of foot rot?

A

SMELL and underrun horn

looks like scald + purulent discharge

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26
Q

What are the clinical signs of CODD?

A

Severely lame

hair loss below fetlock joints

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27
Q

How do you treat scald? foot rot? CODD?

A

Scald:
Oxytet spray
Footbaths of 10% zinc and 0.3% formalin
Dry ground 1 hr after foot bath

Foot rot:
Oxytet parentral
Meloxicam
Footvax
DO NOT PARE

CODD:
Oxytet

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28
Q

What is flushing?

A

high protein and energy diet for ewe 3-weeks pre-tupping in order to increase ovulation/conception rates

works best on marginal BCS ewes

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29
Q

What is the length of the oestrus cycle in ewes? (luteal phase and follicular phase)

A

Luteal: 13-14 days
Follicular: 3-4 days
Total: 16-18 days

30
Q

When should you put the rams in when using Progesterone Sponges? When should take them out?

A

Put them in at 36hrs after removal of sponge and replace them every 48 hours

31
Q

What protocol is used for AI of sheep? How does it change?

A

Progesterone Sponges but with added PMSG injection at sponge removal

32
Q

How long before lambing should you insert melatonin implants?

33
Q

Why do you wait two weeks from adding teasers to adding the rams when using the teaser effect to synchronise ewes?

A

When the teasers arrive the ewes with have an early regression of their CL (silent heat), which takes about 2-3 days. Some of those ewes will then enter normal cyclity with a fertile heat after another 16-18 days (18-20 days after teaser introduction). However, some of the ewes will have a second silent heat that takes 7 days to regress. So, they will not enter a fertile heat for 24-28 days after the teaser has been introduced.

Adding the fertile rams at 14 days ~18 days earliest that will have fertile heat ewes.

34
Q

What ratio ram:ewe for Progesterone sponges? Melatonin? Teaser Effect?

A

Sponges: 1:10
Melatonin: 1:40
Teaser: 1:25

35
Q

How do you diagnose EAE?

A

ZN stain of cotelydons
Inclusion bodies on placenta in histo
paired serology 2-4 weeks apart

36
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of EAE.

A

ingestion of inectious aborted material or new wet lambs > bacteria in GIT > multiply in placenta in late pregnancy

37
Q

How do you treat toxoplasmosis outbreaks?

A

Not much to do in the face of an outbreak

38
Q

What is the agent of campylobacteriosis abortion?

A

C. fetus fetus

C. jejuni

39
Q

How do you diagnose Border Disease abortions?

A

Ewes: serology or viral PCR
Lambs: pre-colostral blood smaples tested by PCR or on lamb tisseus

40
Q

What is the agent of listeriosis abortions?

A

L. ivanovii

L. monocytogenes

41
Q

How do you treat Sheep scab?

A

Moxidectin injection

Plunge dipping in permethrine

42
Q

What are the clinical signs of Sheep scab?

A

Discoloured wool below neck
Sheep rubbing against things
Scabs and wool loss

43
Q

What is the agent of Sheep scab?

A

Psorptes ovis

44
Q

What is the agent of flystrike?

45
Q

How do you treat flystrike?

A 
Remove maggots
Clean wounds
Injectable ivermectin TOPICALLY
Fly repellent
ABs
NSAID
46
Q

Which type of mange is the burrowing mite?

A

Sarcoptic (Scabies)

47
Q

What is the agent in caseous lymphadenitis?

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

48
Q

Describe the pathogeneisis of urolithiasis in sheep.

A

Intensive concentrate feeding > CaMg Ph and Mg-Ammonium Ph calculi > percipitation in urine > urethra blockage in verminiform appendage or sigmoid flexure

49
Q

How can you treat urolithiasis in sheep?

A

Acidification of urine, pelvic urethrotomy

50
Q

What is the agent of tick-borne fever?

A

Erlichia phagocytophilia

51
Q

How do you treat tick-borne fever?

A

Permethrin

Oxytet

52
Q

What is the agent of louping ill?

A

Diffuse, non-suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis flavivurs

53
Q

What is the pathogenesis of listeriosis CNS clinical signs?

A

Encephalitis via buccal mucosa > trigeminal nerve ascent > brainstem infection > damaged cranial nerve nuclei > depression, circling, ipsilateral hemiparesis

54
Q

How do you treat listeriosis?

A

Penicillin, dexamethasone, fluids

55
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Uinlateral Vestibular Disease?

A

Otitis media infection ascending eustachian tube > head tilt, horizontal nystagmus, circling, eye droop

56
Q

How to you treat unilateral vestibular disease?

A

Penicillin

57
Q

How do you treat sarcocystis?

A

Diclazuril

58
Q

What are the clinical signs of Scrapie?

A

Woll loss over flanks/tail/head from rubbing
Hyperpigmentation
Stimulating skin over dorsal sacal area> nibble response

59
Q

What arhe the agents of pasteurellosis?

A

M. haemolytica

P. trehalosi

60
Q

What are the clinical signs of pasteurellosis?

A

Pneumonic:
serous ocular and nasal dischrage, frothy fluid in mouth, ecchymotic haemorrhages over throat and ribs with swollen purple/red lungs

Septicaemic:
dark red mucous membranes, petechiae myocardium, spleen, liver, and kidney, hepatic fatty change

Systemic:
swollen lungs with haemorrhages but no consolidation

61
Q

How do you treat pasteurellosis?

A

oxytet

NSAIDs

62
Q

What are the agents of atypical pneumonia?

A

Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae

Chlamydia psittaci

63
Q

How do you treat atypical pneumonia?

64
Q

What are the different types of lungworm? How do they differ?

A

Dictyocaulus filaria - L1-L3 on pasture from winter to spring then ingested in spring. habitate BRONCHI

Protostrongylus rufescens: land snail intermediate host. habitate BRONCHIOLES

Muellerius capillaris: Land snail intermediate host. habitate ALCEOLI

65
Q

What breeds get laryngeal chondritis?

A

Texels and suffolks with short neck conformation

66
Q

What is the pathogenesis of OPA?

A

infectous tumour virus > replaces normal alveolar cells > excess surfactant > enlarged heavy lungs

67
Q

What is the agent of liver fluke? Describe its life cycle.

A

Fasciola hepatica

Eggs laid in bile ducts > faces > hatch on pasture > mud snail > encysts on vegetation > ingested

68
Q

How do you treat liver fluke?

A

Triclabendazole

69
Q

What diagnostic test do you use for liver fluke?

A

Faeces sedimentation

70
Q

What is the agent of lungworm?

A

Dictyocaulus filarial

71
Q

What agent causes babesiosis?

A

Babesia bigemino

B. bovis

72
Q

How do you treat babesiosis

A

Imidocarb diproprionate

ICC: Farm Animal (54 decks)

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