STUDY HELPERS Cattle Flashcards
How do you treat Ketosis?
Restore Blood Glu levels (400mL 40% glu IV; oral glycerine)
Gluocorticoid hormone
VitB12/cobalt
Multivitamin inj
What impact does ketosis have on the animal?
Decreases milk production Decreases milk quality Increases DZ Immunosuppression Decreases fertility
How do you treat twin lamb DZ?
160mL oral electrolytes and Glu
100mL 40% Gluc IV
Parturition (dexamethasone)
TLC
How do you treat hypoCa?
400mL 40% CaBoro IV
Mg and Ph SubQ
Remove calf
TLC
What are the predisposing factors of hypoCa?
Age Oestrus Breed Acid-Base Balance*** HypoMg Ca intake during dry period*** DMI
What are the classic signs of hypoCa?
Paddling and sudden death due to respiratory muscle paralysis
What are the long-term prevention of hypoCa?
Ca restirction during Dry Period
DCAB: anion salts OR decrease K forage and MgCl in water
How do you treat Lambing Sickness?
20-40 mLs 40% CaBoro IV
50-100mLs 40% CaBoro SQ
Avoid stress
How do you treat Grass Staggers?
THIS IS AN EMERGENCY
400mLs 40% CaBoro and 5% MgHypophosphite IV
400mLs 25% MgSulphate SQ
Control seizures
What factors affect Mg availability?
Soil levels Pasture species DMI K Na pH Ammonia Dietary energy Fats Dietary fibre Genetics Stress
How do you treat Ovine HypoMg?
20mLs 20% CaBoro and Mg IV
50mLs 25% MgSulphate SQ
Describe the pathogenesis of compartment syndrome?
Sternal recumbency > compression of soft tissue
> contraction of muscles > muscle damage > raised AST and CK
> venous constriction > congestion > oedema and necrosis
What factors impact rumen flora?
Excess CHO Protein:Energy imbalance Poor silage/hay Lack of long fibers Sudden feed change Cow comfort
What is the ideal pH of rumen?
6.5-7
What ratio of concentrates to forage results in ruminal acidosis?
60:40
What are the risk factors for SARA?
cow comfort
inadequate long fibers
excess concentrate
poor management (feeding strategy, variable DMI, no transition diet)
At what ruminal pH is it considered SARA?
<= 5.5
What factors impact Cu absorption?
S, Fe, GI parasites, genetics, molybdenum
What is the transportation protein for Cu?
Caeruloplasmin
How do you treat Cu Deficiency?
Oral compounds: Cu Sulphate or Cu Oxide needles
Injectables: Methionate, Glycinate, EDTA, Heptonate, Hydroxyquinolone sulphonate
Free access mineral
Medicated water
What is cobalt required for in the body?
vitB12 > proprionate production and carbon chain binding
How do you treat cobalt deficiency?
Oral: drenching or boluse iwth CuSulphonate Inj: vitB12 Inclusion in feed Free access Water
What is the role of Selenium/VitE in the body?
Antioxidents
What are the clinical signs of Selenium deficiency?
Nutritional muscular deficinecy: stiff, dyspnoea, sudden death
RFM
How do you diagnose selenium deficiency?
WMD: CK and AST levels
Selenium in blood and liver
GSHPx
VitE in blood
How do you treat selenium deficiency?
Oral: sodium selenate Inj: Barium selenate or sodium selenate Inclusion in feed Free access Water
What are the causes of secondary iodine deficiency?
Goitrogens that disrupt Iodine metabolism: thiocyante (competitive inhibition) and tiouracil (T4>T3)
How do you treat Iodine deficiecny?
Oral: KI salts Painting 5% tincture of I on flank Inj: poppy seed oil Inclusion in feed Free access Water
Why is S. Aureus mastitis difficult to treat?
Poor AB penetration due to fibrosis and abscess
B-lactamase
Persists within macrophages
When does E. coli infect cows and when does it develop into mastitis?
Infects in the dry cow period > dormant > clin mastitis in early lactation
How does mastitis impact milk constituents?
Decrease: protein, lactose, butterfat, Ca, Ph, stability/keeping quality, taste
Increase: RBC, WBC, Bacteria, Plasmin, Lipase, Na, Cl, pH, conductivity
How do you treat Grade 1 Mastitis? 2? 3?
1: intramammary AB (amoxiclav)
2: parentral AB (amoxiclav) and NSAID (flunixin)
3: parentral AB (amoxiclav), NSAID (flunixin), fluids (3L hypertonic + 40L isotonic rapidly > draw H2O into rumen), quarter strip and oxytocin
What is the 6 Point Plan to reduce mastitis on farms?
- Regular milking machine maintenace
- Post-milking teat disinfection
- Dry Cow Therapy
- Prompt treatment
- Cull chronic cases
- Miking order
How can you treat Pappilomatosis?
self-limiting
But, if it impairs with milking you can rubber ring, ligature, snip off
How do you treat herpes mammilitis?
Symptomatic: antiseptic udder cream and iodine based teat dips
What is the agent in Pseudocowpox?
Parapox virus
What is the pathognomic sign of pseudocowpox?
Raised horsehoe lesions
What is the agent of udder Impetigo?
Staphy
Where do you mostly find Necrotic dermatitis on cows?
udder skin where lies tight against medial thight and occasionally ventral midline
How do you treat photosensitization?
Local/systemic NSAIDS and house out of direct sunlight