FAC24: Urinary Tract Disease in Farm Animals Flashcards
What are the risk factors of urolithiasis?
- High level concentrate feeding
- Unbalanced ration (high phosphorous, high magnesium)
- Water deprivation
- Males
- Show animals
- Castrates
- Pet small ruminants
Describe the biochemistry of urolithiasis?
Increased urea, increased creatinine
Describe the sequelae of urolithiasis.
- Back pressure
- Hydronephrosis
- Uroperitoneum (leakage across bladder wall)
- Bladder rupture uncommon
- Urethral rupture after 48 hours
How do you treat urolithiasis?
Surgical
- Amputate vermiform appendage (sheep only)
- Perineal urethrostomy
- Perineal penectomy
- Tube cystotomy
What is the caveat of surgical treatment of urolithiasis?
None of the surgeries removes the underlying problem - must provide urinary acidifiers to dissolve uroliths and implement preventative methods
Which bacteria usually cause pyelonephritis?
Corynebacterium renale - gram +
What is the pH of urine from a pyelonephritic cow?
pH <8.5
What will you feel on a pyelonephritic rectal exam?
Ureter thickened
Kidney enlarged and painful
Bladder wall thickened
How do you treat pyelonephritis?
Penicillin
What causes babesiosis and what is it transmitted by?
Babeia bovis, b. bigemia
Ixodes ricinus ticks
How do you treat babesiosis?
Imidocarb dipropronate - withhold milk 21 days, meat 213 days
Diminazene - withhold milk 3 days, meat 20 days
How do you prevent babesiosis?
- Reduce cattle-tick contact
- Apply acaricides
- Vaccinate
- Avoid bringing naive animals into endemic areas
What causes bacillary haemoglobinuria?
Clostridium haemolyticum
After what does bacillary haemoglobinuria occur?
Follows fluke damage
What alerts you to a bacillary haemoglobinuria problem?
sudden death in endemic area during summer and autumn
