FAC20: Leptospirosis Flashcards
How do leptospires get into the cow?
Organisms gain entry via mucous membrane and skin penetration
From where are leptospires shed in the cow?
Urinary shedding
What are the various routes of transmission of leptospirosis?
Contact with infected urine/abortion products
Contaminated pasture/water in spring-summer
Venereal transmission
What are the risk factors of leptospirosis?
Open herd
Shared bulls
Mixed grazing with sheep
Shared grazing with water sources
What are the clinical syndromes associated with leptospirosis?
Milk drop
Abortion
Infertility
When will abortion take place after an acute infection of lepto?
Typically occurs 3-12 weeks after acute infection
Mostly in last trimester
How do you diagnose lepto?
Microscopic agglutination test or ELISA to detect serum antibodies
How do you treat lepto?
Streptomycin/dihydrostreptomycin or oxytetracycline or amoxicillin
How do you control and prevent lepto?
Avoid risk factors
- Shared bulls
- Co-grazing with sheep
- Shared watercourses and pasture
Keep a closed herd
Pedigree herds
Source bulls from accredited-free herds
Vacciantion
What virus causes malignant catarrhal fever?
Ovine herpesvirus 2
How do cattle get malignant catarrhal fever?
Sheep or goats carry and transmit the aetiological agent to cattle.
No cattle to cattle transmission is thought to occur
What are the clinical signs fo malignant catarrhal fever?
Ocular
- Scleral congestion, keratitis, and blindness
Erosive stomatitis of buccal mucosa and muzzle
Neurological Signs
- encephalitis
- Muscle tremors
- Incoordination
How do you treat malignant catarrhal fever?
None. most die
Corticosteroids to alleviate signs
How do you prevent malignant catarrhal fever?
Avoid sheep contact - especially lambing ewes
What are the three forms of Sporadic Bovine Leucosis?
Juvenile/systemic lymphosarcoma
Thymic lymphosarcoma
Skin lymphosarcoma
