FAC21: Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus/Mucosal Disease

Question 1

What virus causes BVD?

Answer 1

Pestivirus

Question 2

How is BVD Transmitted?

Answer 2

Virus is shed in nasopharyngeal secretions, urine, aerosol droplets and faeces.

Can be spread in fresh or frozen semen of infected bulls

Bloodsucking insects, contaminated needles

Sheep and deer act as vectors

Question 3

Describe the sequelae of BVD infected cow.

Answer 3

Non-pregnant: animal gets better no problem

Pregnant

• 0-110 days: embryonic death, foetal death/abortion, mummification, or PI calf
• 90-150 days: congenital defects, blind or ataxic calves
• 150-term: abortion possible, weak or stunted calves

Question 4

What animals get mucosal disease?

Answer 4

Can only occur in animals born PI following in-utero infection with BVD

Question 5

How do mucosal diseased calves fair?

Answer 5

They die within 6-24 months

Question 6

What is the DDx of oral ulceration? Which are notifiable?

Answer 6

• Foot and Mouth - NOTIFIABLE
• Bluetongue - NOTIFIABLE
• BCD/Mucosal Disease
• Malignant Catarrhal Fever
• Bovine Papular Stomatitis
• Calf Diphtheria
• Actinobacillosis (wooden tongue)
• Actinomycosis (Lumpy jaw)
• Trauma
• IBR

Question 7

How do you treat BVD?

Answer 7

Acute BVD: symptomatic supportive tratment for enteritis

Mucosal disase: none

PI: cull

Question 8

How do you control BVD?

Answer 8

Remove the PIs.

Closed herd with strict biosecurity

Vaccination (complete primary course before insemination)

Question 9

What is another name for Bovine Neonatal Pancytopenia?

Answer 9

Bleeding Calf Syndrom

Question 10

What induces bovine neonatal pancyotpenia?

Answer 10

INduced after ingestion of colostrum and is caused by alloreactive, maternal antibodies.

There is a striking association between BNP and a previous vaccination of the respective dams with a particular vaccine against BVD

Question 11

What is the characteristic sign of bovine neonatal pancytopenia?

Answer 11

Calve <1 month

Bleeding from apparently intact skin, injection sites, tagging sites, mucous membranes, nose, and rectum

Question 12

At what age is necrotic enteritis usually seen?

Answer 12

2-4 month old spring born suckled calves at pasture

Question 13

What will you find on PM in a calf with necrotic enteritis?

Answer 13

Severe ulceration of abomasum, ileum, caecum, colon, and rectum

Lesions most severe overlying Peyer’s patches

Question 14

How do you treat necrotic enteritis?

Answer 14

Supportive fluids

Systemic antibiotics

Multivitamins