FAC22: Diarrhoea in Adult Cattle Flashcards

1
Q

What is the physiological cause of diarrhoea?

A

Increased osmolality

  • Change in diet
  • Access to milkd
  • Liver damaged

Increased secretion

Decreased absorptive area

  • Thickening of GIT
  • Desctruction of vili/epithelial lining

Deragned motility

  • Vagal indigestion
  • Bloat
  • Intussusception
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2
Q

What are the Bacteria and viral causes of diarrhoea?

A

Johne’s

Salmonella

Winter dysentery

BVD

Malignant catarrhal fever

Toxic metritis/mastits

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3
Q

What are the toxins that cause diarrhoea?

A

Ragwort

Acorns

Lead

Mercury

Copper

Nitrite

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4
Q

What parasites cause diarrhoea?

A

Fluke

Parasitic gastroenteritis

Coccidia

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5
Q

What nutritional factors cause diarrhoea?

A

Acidosis

Excess dietary protein

Rapid dietary change

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6
Q

What causes winter dysentery?

A

Coronavirus

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7
Q

Who gets winter dysentery?

A

Housed dairy cows

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8
Q

How do you treat winter dysentery?

A

Generally self-limiting

Symptomatic therapy - oral fluids, spasmolytics

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9
Q

Describe the faeces of a cow with winter dysentery.

A

Profuse often bloody, watery.

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10
Q

Can Salmonellosis cause abortion?

A

Yes.

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11
Q

What are the causative agents of salmonellosis? Which one is zoonotic? Which must be reported to AHO?

A

Salmonella Dublin

Salmonella Typhimurium - zoonotic

BOTH

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12
Q

How do you confirm salmonellosis?

A

Fecal sample

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13
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of salmonella.

A

Evade abomasum

Multiply in Peyer’s patches

Effects the immunosuppressed

Results in enteritis > septicemia > abortion

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14
Q

How do you treat salmonellosis?

A

Antibiotics: florfenicol, trimethoprim-sulphadiazine, potentiated amoxicillin, fluoroquinolones

Supportive therapy

Fluids

NSAID

Nursing

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15
Q

Describe the faeces of a cow with salmonellosis.

A

Profuse watery

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16
Q

What is another name for Johnes Disease?

A

Paratuberculosis

17
Q

What is Johnes Disease?

A

A chronic granulomatous bacterial enteritis of adult cattle, sheep, and goats caused by Mycobacterium Avium Paratuberculosis (MAP)

18
Q

Describe the faeces of a cow with Johne’s

A

Watery and possibly bubbly

19
Q

How does Johne’s get into a herd?

A

Replacement heifers or bulls, poor biosecurity, infected slurry, wildlife reservoirs (rabbits and deer)

20
Q

How does Johne’s spread in a herd?

A

Faeces, colostrum, milk

21
Q

Why is Johne’s so hard to get rid of?

A

Clinical onset is >2 years, at which point they already have a calf and gave it to that calf.

Tests are not sensitive in pre-clinical cows

22
Q

How do you manage Johne’s in an infected herd?

A
  1. Clean calving pens
  2. Clean food and water troughs
  3. Don’t share or pool colostrum
  4. Snatch calves at birth
  5. Don’t spread slurry on land grazed by youngstockDispose of bedding from infected beasts
  6. Good biosecurity
  7. Quarantine arrivals
  8. Test during quarantine
  9. Buy from low-risk farms
  10. Test all animals >2y old annually
  11. Remove all positives
  12. Do not keep heifer from replacements from positives
23
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of Johne’s.

A
  • Ingestion of MAP
  • Localises in ileum and gut-associated lymph nodes
  • Phagocytosed by macrophages

Host may then become:

  • Resistant: infection controlled - no clinical disease or faecal shedding
  • Intermediate: subclinical disease an intermittent/persistent shedder
  • Clincial: clinical disease and heavy shedder