STUDY HELPERS Poultry Flashcards
How do you diagnose gizzard lesions?
Histopath: inclusion bodies in gizzard
What is the agent in necrotic enteritis?
overgrowth of C. perfringens
How do you treat necrotic enteritis?
Amoxicillin
How do you treat coccidiosis?
Amprolium - resistance is common so various programs are used to vary the coccidiostate - withdrawal periods
ABs- amoxicillin
TLC/multivitamins
How do you diagnose coccidiosis?
Faecal oocyst counts (McMasters)
How do you control against dysbacteriosis?
Organic acids in the drking water Compettive exclusion (Lactobacilli) Feed additives (Fibria blockers to disrupt E. coli)
What does the faeces of a bird with dysbacteriosis look like?
Foamy, glistening, orangey
What is a suitable anti-viral disinfectant after a viral enteritis outbreak?
Formaldehyde
Peroxide
Gluteraldehyde
What is the agent of blackhead?
Histomonas meleagridis with intermediate host heterakis
How do you daignose blackhead?
PM: caecal cores and circumscribed hobnail lesions on the surface of hte liver
What worms are found in chickens and where is each found?
Ascardis - GI
Capillaria - crop
Heterakis - caecum
Gape worm - trachea
How do you treat worms in chickens?
Flubendazole
What is the agent of infectious bronchitis?
oronavirus
Describe the pathogenesis if infectious bronchitis.
respiratory tract or droppings shed > enters via trachea > to blood > kideny and/or oviduct (can cause permanent damage if in young birds) > egg shell thinning and loss of colour
What is the agent of infectious laryngotracheitis?
herpes virus
What are the clinical signs of infectious laryngotracheitis?
production drops
pus and plugs in trachea > death
coughing
How do you treat infectious laryngotracheitis?
aspirin
What is the pathogenesis of gumboro disease?
Bursa of Fabricius actively seeds B type lymphocytes (which later become antibody producing cells) to secondary lymphoid sites
IBD infections cause injury to bursa > compromised antibody mediated mechanisms
Describe the pathogenesis of ascities.
Large feed = high oxygen demand > increased HR > hypertension > ascites
How do you control against ascities?
Temp control
CO2 control
Air quality
What is the agent of rickets?
Deficiency of Ca or Ph or vitD
What is a common sequelae to IBD?
Infectious skeletal disorders due to mycoplasma or staphy
What is a common sequelae to egg yolk peritonitis and why?
Secondary bacterial infection of E.coli
Yolk is a good growth medium + E.coli from air sacs via inspiration
What is EODES?
erratic oviposition and defective egg syndrome
double yolked eggs, prolapses of the oviduct, internal ovulation, internal laying
What is the agent of Marek’s disease?
Herpesvirus
Describe the pathogenesis of Mareks disease.
Breathe in contaminated dust/dander > transofrms T-cells > immunosuppresion and tummors
What are the two forms of Mareks disease and how do they differ?
Acute: liver and spleen
Classical: neurones > ataxia and paralysis
What is the agent of fowl cholera?
P. multocida
What is broodiness and how do you treat it?
Hen is aggressive and stays in her nest and puffs herslef up
Try to place hen in wire bottom cage in a bright place
What is the agent of yolk sac infection?
E. coli
How do you teat yolk sace infection?
Euthanise or give ABs for mildly affected flock mates and to protect other chicks (Amoxicillin)
What agents cause sneezing in chickens?
IB MG ILT ND AI Gapeworm
How do you treat sneezing?
Antimicrobial therapy (tiamulin)
Isolate
TLC
How do you treat egg bound?
Lubrication
ABs for secondary infection
Break manuualy remove
Spay
How do you treat meningitis in chickens?
Antimicrobial that is capable of crossing BBB (enrofloxacilin)
What is the agent of sour crop?
Candida from mouldy feed
How do you treat sour crop?
Surgery with lavage and antifungals
How do you treat feather pecking?
Distrat them and supplement their diet
Anti-pecking spray
Red or green light at reduced light intensity
What types of lice to chickens get?
Chicken louse - grey/yellow around vent
Northern mite - dark brown
How do you treat lice?
Frontline
How do you treat red mites?
insectifices or v. fine powders
How do you treat scally leg mites?
Wash legs and dry
Dunk legs into surgical spirit
Soften with vaseline
Do weekly
Ivermectin drops
What agent causes furunculosis in FISH? How do you treat and prevent it?
Aeromonas salmonicida (bacterial septicaemia)
ABs in food
Vaccine - but has side effects
What is the agent that cuases sea lice?
Lepeophtheirus salmonis
Califus elongatus
