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ICC: Farm Animal > FASH14: Foot and Skin Conditions of Sheep > Flashcards

FASH14: Foot and Skin Conditions of Sheep Flashcards

1
Q

What are the ectoparasitic causes of sheep skin disese?

A
  • Sheep scab (Psoroptes ovis)
  • Blowfly strike (myiasis)
  • Lice (Bovicola ovis & Linognathus spp)
  • Ticks
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2
Q

What are the non-parasitic causes of sheep skin disese?

A
  • Orf
  • Caseous lymphadenitis
  • Dermatophilosis
  • Photosensitization
  • Ringworm
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3
Q

What is the agent of sheep scab?

A

Psorptes ovis

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4
Q

Is sheep scab a notifiable disease?

A

Yes

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5
Q

How long to scabbies mites last in the environment?

A

up to 17 days

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6
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of Sheep Scab.

A

Following infection up to 3-21 days before clinical signs

Immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions

Inflammation > microclimate favourable for mite survival and multiplication

Serous exudate > nutrition for mites

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7
Q

How do you diagnose sheep scab?

A

Skin scrapes

ELISA antibody test

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8
Q

How do you treat sheeb scab?

A

Plunge dipping in diazinon

Systemic endectocide injections - macrocyclic lactones

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9
Q

What are the advantages of a plunge organophosphate dip for treatment of sheep scab? Disadvantages?

A

Advantages

  • Kills mites within 24 hours
  • Washing effect removes dead mites
  • Residual protection for several weeks
  • Also controls blowfly, live, keds, ticks

Disadvantages

  • Humenvironmentalnmnetal hazards
  • Operator requires certificate of competence
  • Adequate facilities
  • Stressful procedure for sheep
  • Long meat withdrawal periods (70 days)
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10
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a macrocyclic lactone injection as treatment for sheep scab?

A
  • Advantages
  • Less complex to administer
  • Safer for operator, sheep, and environment
  • Residual protection for several weeks

Disadvantages

  • Pruritus may persist for up to 30 days
  • Takes time to kill mites
  • Promotes anthelmintic resistance
  • Narrow range of efficacy against other ectoparasites
  • May not treat all animals
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11
Q

How to you control against sheep scab?

A
  • Beware of carrier sheep (purchased, returning away from grazing, strays)
  • Mites in the environment
  • GAther and treat all sheep at the same time
  • Use appropriate treatment and dose
  • COordinate treatment with neighbouring farms
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12
Q

What is another name for blowfly strike?

A

Myiasis

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13
Q

When does blowfly strike hit?

A

May-sept

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14
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of blowfly strike.

A

Flies are attracted to soiled areas of fleece > lay eggs > hatch within 12 hours > larvae penetrate skin and secrete enzymes > irritation > secondary bacterial infection and strike > toxaemia

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15
Q

How do you control against blowfly strike?

A

Plunge dipping at least 3 weeks after shearing

Pour on (synthetic pyrethroids or insect growth regulators)

Farm management

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16
Q

What are the types of lice that affect sheep?

A

Chewling live - Bovicola ovis

Sucking live - linognathus ovillus or pedalis

17
Q

Describe the life cycle of chewing lice.

A

Entire life cycle is spent on the host in about 30 days

Slow spread of infection - requires clsoe contact

18
Q

How do you diagnose chewing lice?

A

Visible to nake eye when wool parted

19
Q

How do you treat against chewing lice?

A

Shearing

Plunge dipping

Synthetic pyrethroid pour ons (after shearing)

SYSTEMIC ENDECTOCIDES ARE NOT EFFECTIVE

20
Q

What species of tick attack sheep?

A

Ixodes ricinus

21
Q

What disease do tick carry that affect sheep?

A

Tick-borne fever

Tick pyaemia

Louping-ill

Q fever

22
Q

How do you control against ticks?

A

Plunge dips

Pour-on

Grazing management

23
Q

What is another name for Orf?

A

Contagious pustular dermatitis

24
Q

What is the agent of Orf?

A

Parapox virus

25
Q

Describe the epidemiology of orf.

A

Dry scab material remains infectious for a number of years - persists in buildings

PI animals

Outbreaks most common in suckling lambs born indoors

26
Q

How do you treat/manage orf?

A

Natural recovery 24-30 days

Topical or parenteral antibiotics for secondary bacterial infection

Reduce stocking densities

Vaccinate

Weed management

Separate affected sheep

27
Q

What is the agent of caseous lymphadenitis?

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

28
Q

How is caseous lymphagenitis spread?

A

Via skin abrasions

29
Q

What do casous lymphadenitis look like?

A

Abscesses in regional lymph nodes

30
Q

How do you diagnose caseous lymphadenitis?

A

Bacterial culture from infected nodes

31
Q

How to do you treat caseous lymphadenitis?

A

No treatment

32
Q

How do you control against caseous lymphadenitis?

A

Isolate or cull animls with discharging lesions

Hygiene at shearing and dipping

33
Q

What is another name for dermatophilosis?

A

Lumpy wool

34
Q

What is the agent of dermatophilosis?

A

Dermatophilus congolensis

35
Q

How do you treat dermatophilosis?

A

self cure or penicillin

ICC: Farm Animal (54 decks)

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