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ICC: Farm Animal > FAC15-18: Medical Conditions of the Bovine GI Tract > Flashcards

FAC15-18: Medical Conditions of the Bovine GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What does this animal have? What do you do with it?

A

Congenital Harelip

Euthanize

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2
Q

What does this animal have? What do you do with it? Why?

A

Cleft Palate

Euthanize because it will get aspiration pneumonia

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3
Q

What does this animal have? What do you do with it? Why?

A

Undershot Jaw (Prognathia)

Keep it, but do not breed from it. It will have a problem grazing ONLY IF the bottom incisors completely miss the dental pad

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4
Q

What is atresia coli?

How does it present?

What do you do with the animal?

A

Atresia coli = a section of its colon never developed

Clinical Signs

  • Progressive abdominal distension by 2-3 days of age
  • Inappetence
  • Pain
  • Depression
  • Weakness
  • May cause
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5
Q

What is the viral pathogen that causes Bovine Papular Stomatits? Is it zoonotic?

A

Parapox virus, yes.

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6
Q

What is the bacterium that causes stomatitis?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

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7
Q

What does the term Stomatitis/Pharyngitis mean?

A

Inflammation of the mucosae of the mouth/pharynx

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8
Q

What is the bacterium that causes actinobacillosis?

A

Actinobacillus lignieressi. It is a gram neg commensal

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9
Q

What is another term for actinobacillosis?

A

Wooden tongue

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10
Q

Besides the tongue, what are other lesions that are caused by actinobacillosis?

A

Cutaneous and intestinal

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11
Q

What antibiotics do you give to treat actinobacillosis?

A

Pen/Strep

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12
Q

What is another name for actinomycosis?

A

Lumpy jaw

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13
Q

What is the bacterium that causes actinomycosis?

A

Actinomyces bovis - gram positive commensal

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14
Q

What is the bacterium that causes oral necrobacillosis (calf biphtheria)?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

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15
Q

Oral lesions and scour are common clinical signs. What is the DDx for:

Oral lesions and scour?

Oral lesions, no scour?

Scour, no oral lesions?

A

OL and S: BVD/MD, MCF, Rinderpest

OL no S: FMD, VS, BT, BPS, calf diphtheria

S no OL: Salmonella, WD, Johnes, parasites, cocci, barley poisoning, toxicities, SCC, amyloid

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16
Q

What are some common causes of squamous neoplasia?

A

Bracken and bovine papilloma virus

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17
Q

What are other names for barley poisoning?

A

Carbohydrate overload

Ruminal lactic acidosis

18
Q

What causes barley poisoning?

A

Imbalanced concentrate to roughage ratio

19
Q

Why is VitB1 used as supprotive treatment in barley poisoning?

A

VitB1 is used to make thiamine, which is involved in pumping water out fo the brain

Thiamine is made in rumen

20
Q

What are the sequelae of barley poisoning?

A

Rumenitis caused by escape of rumen flora leading to liver abscesses and laminitis

Parakeratosis and fungal rumenitis

21
Q

What is the cause of frothy bloat?

A

Failure of gas cap formation due to increased surface tension

22
Q

Define primary and secondary bloat?

A

Primary: gas cap did not form

Secondary: able to form gas cap, but you can’t get rid of it

23
Q

How does hypocalcaemia cause bloat?

A

No calcium (it is all in the milk)

Muscles no longer work without calcium > esophagus fails> secondary bloat

24
Q

What causes juvenile bloat?

A

Oesophageal groove dysfunction (due to poor feeding management) thus allowing milk to enter the rumen and ferment

25
Q

What pasture types usually cause frothy bloat?

A

Leguminous pasture: clover

26
Q

Why is bloat a problem?

A

Compresses diaphragm, vena cava, vagal nerve (which further inhibits eructation)

27
Q

What are the causes of free gas bloat?

A

Intra-luminal: physical obstruction/choke, oesophageal groove lesion (actinobacillosis/papillomatosis)

Extra-luminal: enlarged LNs, thoracic mass (thymic lymphosarcoma)

Extra-luminal, extra-cow: lateral recumbency

Neurological: tetanus, vagal indigestion

Metabolic: milk fever

Gas over-production: cereal overfeed/acidosis

28
Q

What is the cause of vagal indigestion?

A

Cannot shift stuff through its pylorus as fast as it should due to vagal damage

29
Q

What are the three techniques for local block?

A

Line, Inverted L, Distal para-vertebral

30
Q

What are the benefits of distal para-vertebral anaesthesia?

A

Excellent analgesia

Smaller drug volume

Drug is distant from wound site (can extend wound site)

Easy in lean animals

31
Q

Which vertebrae do you block in a distal para-vertebral block?

A

L1, L2, L4 and behind last rib

32
Q

Where do you inject (in relation to the transverse process) in the distal paravertebral block?

A

Above and below the transverse process

33
Q

Where do you inject (in relation to the transverse process) in the proximal paravertebral block?

A

Between adjacent t-processes

34
Q

What stitch do you use to close the rumen?

A

Continuous inverting pattern = Utrect

35
Q

Why should you not use the Utrect on intestine?

A

This pattern makes the diameter smaller - ok on things like rumen bad on things like intestine

36
Q

Why does firm poo indicate a problem with the rumen?

A

If the rumination stops, the gut will go into stasis > firm poo

37
Q

What are the two physical tests that indicate traumatic reticulo-pericarditis?

A

Withers pinch test and the bar test

38
Q

Describe the Bar Test for TRP?

A

Pull bar up and then drop bar

  • Normal response: cow drops when bar is released
  • Diagnostic response: cow tries to stay high up when bar is released
39
Q

Describe the Withers Pinch test.

A

Pinch Withers

Normal response: cow dips down to avoid the pinch

Diagnostic response: cow does not dip because it is in cranial abdominal pain when it ventro-flexes its abdomen

40
Q

What is the normal heart rate of a cow? Temp? Resp rate?

A

HR: 60-80bpm

Temp: 38-39C

RR: 15-30 bpm

ICC: Farm Animal (54 decks)

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