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ICC: Farm Animal > FASH7-8: Ovine Abortion and Poor Reproductive Performance > Flashcards

FASH7-8: Ovine Abortion and Poor Reproductive Performance Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cause of high barren rates in sheep?

A

Ewes not cycling

Fertilisation failure

Failure to conceive or maintain early pregnancy

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2
Q

What are some causes of ram infertility?

A
  • Epididymitis
  • Inguinal hernia
  • Testicular degeneration
  • Scrotal mange
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3
Q

What are the agents that cause epididymitis?

A

Actinobacillus semnis

Haemophilus somnus

Histophilus ovis

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4
Q

How do organisms enter the repro tract of the ram?

A

Organisms enter the repro tract through the prepuce from the environment

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5
Q

What does testicular degeneration look like?

A

Bilateral small testes with poor semen quality

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6
Q

What factors lead to testicular degeneration?

A

Systemic disease

ENvironmental temp

Inflammation

Extremem fatness

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7
Q

What is the agent that causes scrotal mange?

A

Chorioptes bovis

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8
Q

When you handle the scrotum of a ram with scrotal mange, what do they do?

A

Nibbling reflex

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9
Q

What are the agents that cause abortion?

A
  • Chlamydophila abortus
  • Toxoplasma gondii
  • Salmonella
  • Campylobacter fetus fetus
  • Border disease
  • Listeriosis
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10
Q

What is the agent involved in enzootic abortion fo the ewe?

A

Chlamydophila abortus

ZOONOTIC

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11
Q

What are the characteristic signs of enzootic abortion of the ewe?

A

Late abortion (last 2-3 weeks gestation), stillborn or weak lambs

Intercotyledonary placentitis

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12
Q

How do you diagnose EAE?

A

Placentitis

Smears

ZN stain

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13
Q

How does EAE spread?

A

infection by ingestion or inhalation from a contaminated environment

  • Placenta
  • Vaginal discharge
  • eLabs coats
  • Fomites
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14
Q

How does pregnancy period impact abortion status when infected with EAE?

A
  • Infection during late pregnancy/non-pregnant > abortion next pregnancy
  • Infection during first half of pregnancy > abort during last three weeks of pregnancy
  • Surviving ewe lambs from aborted ewes > abort during first pregnancy
  • Once aborted > ewes become immune but may continue to shed organism
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15
Q

How do you manage an EAE outbreak?

A

Isolate aborting ewes immediately and included any living lambs in order to reduce onward infection of ewes

Remove contaminated bedding

Treat all ewes with oxytetracycline

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16
Q

How to you prevent EAE?

A

Isolate aborting ewe immediately

Vaccinate all unexposed ewes and ewe replacements

Maintain a closed flock

Source replacements from accredited-free farms

17
Q

What is the agent behind toxoplasmosis?

A

Toxoplamsa gondii

18
Q

When does infeciton impact abortion?

A

Barren ewes if infection is in early pregnancy

Abortions/stillbirths if infection is in late pregnancy

Normal if infected after 120 days or when empty

19
Q

What should you do with suspected toxoplasmotic placenta and lambs?

A

Submit it to the VI center

Include: foetal brain, foetal fluid serology, maternal serology

20
Q

How do you manage a toxoplasmosis outbreak?

A

Not a whole lot can be done…

Decoquinate in feed

Avoid spreading bedding material on pasture

21
Q

How do you prevent toxoplasmosis?

A

Protect food from cats

Vaccinate

22
Q

What is the agent in campylobacteriosis?

A

C. fetus fetus - gram neg

23
Q

When are lambs aborted due to campylobacteriosis?

A

final 6 weeks of pregnancy

24
Q

How is campylobacteriosis spread?

A

There are carrier ewes that contaminate environment from aborted material and vaginal discharges

Carrion-eating birds

Trough feeding

NO VENEREAL SPREAD

25
Q

How do you diagnose campylobacteriosis?

A

Gram or ZN stain of foetal stomach contents

Bacterial culture of foetal stomach contents

26
Q

How do you control a campylobacteriosis outbreak?

A

Isolate aborted ewes

Reduce the level of environmental contamination

27
Q

What is the agent of salmonellosis?

A

Salmonella enterica

28
Q

What is characterisits of salmonellosis?

A

Often rotten ,atuolysed lambs

29
Q

How do you diagnose salmonellosis?

A

MacConkey agar from placenta, foetal stomach contents, vaginal swabs from ewe where no abortion products available

30
Q

How do treat and manage salmonellosis?

A

Whole flock antibiotic therapy

Isolate aborted ewes

Hygienic precautions (zoonotic)

Environmental hygiene

31
Q

What is border disease related to?

A

BVD in cattle

32
Q

How does infection during pregnancy affect the outcome of the lamb?

A

<day>

<p>Day 60-85: some normal lambs, some with CNS abnormalities</p>

<p>Day 85: late abortions or normal survivors</p>
</day>

33
Q

How do you control against border disease?

A

Closed flock

Cull affected lambs/ewes

Don’t retain homebred ewe lambs if farm affected

ICC: Farm Animal (54 decks)

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