Stats and Bioethics

Question 1

If the OR is >0.05, is it statisstically significant?

Answer 1

No

Question 2

Of the 300 patients that begin this study with a diagnosis of stage IV breast cancer, 240 are alive at the end of the first year, and 180 of these are alive at the end of the second year. What is the liklihood that someone alive for 1 year would be alive the next year?

Answer 2

Therefore, part ÷ whole = 180 ÷ 240 = 0.75 (75%).

Question 3

How is attributal risk calculated?

Answer 3

It is the difference in the incidence rates between the two groups

Ex: 68% improved with SSRIs and CBT, and 48% improved with only SSRIs

AR: .20 or 20%

Question 4

How can relative risk be interpreted?

Answer 4

Ex: if RR is 1.5, than there is a 1.50 greater risk of developing X disease

Question 5

How is positive negative value calculated?

Answer 5

True negative/ true negative + false negative

Question 6

If a gene therapy is given to children with CF, how would this change the incidence and prevalence?

Answer 6

no change in incidence (dz diagnosis) but decrease in prevelance (b/c it’s cured)

Question 7

How is probabibility of a false negative calculated?

Answer 7

Power=1-B

false negative=B

Example

Power=.80

rearrange, and get B=.20

Question 8

How is Relative Risk Reduction calculated?

Answer 8

1-risk reduction

RR is the difference between the two outcomes

Question 9

How to calculate positive predictive value?

Answer 9

True positives/ true positives and false positives

or

true positives/all positives

Question 10

what “Act” states that patients need to be educated or asked about advanced directives ?

Answer 10

The Patient Self Determination Act

Asks if they have one, want to make one or not, and put it in their chart

Question 11

What could be violated if a job requires genetic testing?

Answer 11

GINA

Question 12

If a violent injuries brings a pt into the ED, what do most states require?

Answer 12

Require law enforcement involvement