GI Flashcards
What enzyme is elevated in biliary colic?
CCK (causes gallbladder contraction)
What syndrome is ZE syndrome commonly associated with?
(hint, the 3 P’s)
MEN 1
assoc with parathyroid adenomas which can cause elevated Ca levels
What is the mechanism of Anascara (or swelling from ascites)?
decreased plasma colloid oncotic pressure
In pancreatic insuffiecency, protein digestion can become impaired. What enzyme would normally do the protein digestion?
trypsin
which layer of the bowel is most susceptible to ischemia in intussuception?
the innermost layer, the mucosa
G cells, which produce Gastrin, are found wher?
the antrum of the pylorus
What artery supplies the pylorus of the stomach?
gastroduodenal A. supplied by common hepatic A.
Are indirect inguinal hernias lateral or medial to inferior epigastric vessels?
lateral
What artery runs posterior/superior to the pancreas?
splenic artery
what anastomosis causes caput medusae
portal periumbilical veins to systemic epigastric veins
stem might ask portal source v. systemic source
what artery serves the gallbladder
common hepatic a
what runs in the hepatoduodenal l. ?
portal triad: common bile duct, hepatic a.,portal v
if a hernia passes below the inguinal L., that rules out waht two types and what is the dx?
rules out direct and indirect, so has to be femoral
anorectal varices are caused by anastomosis between what vessels?
superior and inferior rectal v.
What a does the gastroduodenal a branch from?
common hepatic a.
Is Meckel’s diverticulum 2 ft proximal or 2ft distal from the IC valve?
2ft proximal to the IC valve (in the SI)
Does primary sclerosing cholangitis affect the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts or both?
Both:)
What can whipple’s look like?
A lil like Chron’s so beware of arthralgias and CNS involvement
What are mallory bodies and when are they observed?
chronic alcoholic hepatitis
they are eosinophilic inclusion bodies
What are the sx of Garnder Syndrome?
(gardners grow-lots of growth)
autosomal dominant condition characterized by familial adenomatous polyps, osteomas, desmoid tumors, dental abnormalities, and hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium.
What is a major hallmark of UC?
Crypt abscesses
(neutrophils in the crypts of lieberkhun)
What would a liver biopsy show in primary biliary cholangitis?
What findings indicate PBC?
destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts, portal inflammation, and fibrosis.
markedly elevated serum cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase, xanthelasma (exhibit image), and pruritis
With a villous adenoma on colonoscpy, what is the next step?
Remove it and encourage repeat in 3yrs
How might the tumor marker CA19-9 be described?
sialylated form of Lewis blood group antigen a.
(lol yeah, only 7% got that one right)
Pt’s with choledocolithiasis likely have a hx of what?
gallstones or gallbladder disease
and remember, if it sounds like pancreatiits, it could be choledocolithiasis so pay attn to liver and pancreatic enzymes
Giardia, which can be diagnosed with ELISA, is best treated by what drug and what is its MOA?
Metronidazole, produces highly reactive free radicals
C. diff is treated with what and what is its MOA?
Oral Vancomycin
binds to D-Ala subunit
In someone with hep C and cirrhosis, what should you use to perioperative sedation?
Lorezapam
bypasses phase 1 metabolism
C. sinesis is what kind of bug and what treats it?
Trematode-Praziquantel
